Transformation of Transitional Elements with Muqarnas from Early Ottoman Period to Classical Ottoman Period

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2024.292

Keywords:

Early Ottoman period, Classical Ottoman period, Muqarnas, restoration, Transitional zone

Abstract

Since the beginning of the Ottoman era, muqarnas have been incorporated into building designs. Along with advances in construction techniques, muqarnas were used structurally in the construction of mosques, baths, madrasahs and palaces as a means of transition to the dome. From the 14th century during the early Ottoman period, the Timurtaş Pasha Mosque in Bursa (1379-92) and the Iznik Green Mosque (1378-91) were built with a focus on maintaining visual structural integrity within interior spaces. This was a common practice that persisted until the mid 18th century.

While muqarnas can reinforce the visual integrity of a building as a transitional element, in some cases it can also transfer the weight of the dome to the walls and strengthen the building's structure when designed in the form of pendentives and squinches. It is important to note this duality in the use of muqarnas in the construction of buildings. The muqarnas utilised in the interiors during this period had a brick base, hidden by plaster on the outside. Many monumental buildings display this aspect of muqarnas, which requires expertise, particularly during restoration. Very little research has been conducted in this field.

In the study, the transitional elements to the muqarnas dome, starting from the early Ottoman Period, will be examined until the Classical Ottoman Period, and the formal analysis between the 14th and 16th centuries will be made to understand the nature of the change it showed. After the literature review It is aimed to reach a synthesis with the inferences made through field research based on outputs.

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Author Biographies

Hüdai Sırrı Şenalp, Yıldız Technical University

Hüdai Sırrı ŞENALP graduated from Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Urban and Regional Planning in 2010. In 2012, he completed an MA in Art History and Archaeology at SOAS, University of London. During this course, he started his research in the field of muqarnas with a dissertation entitled "The Evolution of Ottoman Muqarnas". He is continuing his Ph.D. research on the construction techniques, conservation and restoration problems of muqarnas at Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Architecture.

Can Şakir Binan, Yıldız Technical University

Can Şakir BİNAN was born in 1956 in Istanbul, graduated from Galatasaray High School in 1976, and graduated from IDMMA Faculty of Architecture, Department of Architecture in 1981. With his thesis titled "A Research on Conservation Criteria of 13th Century Anatolian Caravanserais", he became a Doctor at Istanbul Technical University in 1991, Associate Professor in 1996 and Professor at Yıldız Technical University in 2010. His areas of expertise are History of Architectural Conservation, Conservation and Restoration Technology, World Heritage, International texts in the field of Conservation and Medieval Anatolian Architecture. In addition to his books, articles and research on Architectural Conservation and Restoration, he is a member of ICOMOS Turkey National Committee and served as the Chairman of the Istanbul Cultural and Natural Heritage Conservation Board No. 3 between 2001-2010.

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Published

30-06-2024

How to Cite

Şenalp, H. S., & Binan, C. Şakir. (2024). Transformation of Transitional Elements with Muqarnas from Early Ottoman Period to Classical Ottoman Period. ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 12(1), 463–503. https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2024.292

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