Managing the urban change: A morphological perspective for planning

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2019.82

Keywords:

Morphological research, planning practice, morphological unity, part-to-whole relationship

Abstract

This study questions the awareness of planners on the intrinsic qualities of the built environment in shaping of urban form in Turkey throughout a centennial period after foundation of Turkish Republic in 1923. It suggests a morphological framework, to develop such an evaluation, which is based on three basic principles: the historicity of urban forms, the hierarchical nesting of urban form elements, and their reconciliation within a complex interaction with each other in a part-to-whole relationship. It is regarded as an initial attempt to develop a brief discussion about a morphological perspective to be utilized in planning practice. It is asserted that the centennial development of planning practice in Turkey brought to light that the professionals lost their concern on the intrinsic qualities of urban form, on how it is evolved historically, and on how its elements are related to each other. They abandoned themselves to the relative ease of application of insensitive planning with high confidence on the decency and convenience of procedural functioning of planning. It reveals that there is a need for a morphological perspective that would take into account the morphological unity of urban form elements within their interplay in order to develop a responsive planning approach.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Tolga Ünlü, Mersin Üniversitesi, Çiftlikköy Kampusu, 33343 Mersin, Turkey

Tolga Ünlü took his bachelor, graduate and PhD degrees at the Department of City and Regional Planning, Middle East Technical University. His research is focused on urban morphology, urban design and planning practice with a particular attention on urban growth and development of fringe belts, and on the relationship between research and practice in urban morphology and planning. Had articles and book chapters on physical development and planning history of Turkish cities as well as their morphological transformation. Has been working at the University of Mersin since 2006 as a member of the Department of City and Regional Planning. 

References

Akcan, E. (2012). Architecture in translation: Germany, Turkey and the modern house. Durham: Duke University Press.

Alexander C (1966) A city is not a tree. Design 206:47–55.

Alexander C, Neis H, Anninou A, King I (1987) A new theory of urban design. Oxford University Press, New York.

Balamir, M. (1975) ‘Kat Mülkiyeti ve Kentleşmemiz’ (‘The process of ownership fragmentation in Turkish urbanization’), Middle East Technical University, Journal of the Faculty of Architecture 1 (2), 295–319.

Barke M (2003) The lifespan of a typological form? Urban Morphology 15:21–38.

Barke (2015) Further thoughts on research and practice in urban morphology: a British perspective. Urban Morphology 19(1):96-99.

Barke (2018) The Importance of Urban Form as an Object of Study. In Oliveira V (ed) Teaching Urban Morphology. Springer, Cham, pp.11-30.

Barke (2019) Why study urban morphology? The views of ISUF members, Urban Morphology 23(2):105-14.

Bilgin, İ. (1999) ‘Modernization’, in Sey, Y. (ed.) Housing and settlement in Anatolia: a historical perspective (Tepe Architectural Culture Centre, İstanbul) 247–361.

Bobek H (1927) Grundfragen der Stadtgeographie, Geogr. Anz. 28, 213-24.

Booth P (1995) ‘Zoning or Discretionary Action: Certainty and Responsiveness in Implementing Planning Policy’, Journal of Planning Education and Research (14):103-112.

Borsi, K. (2015). Drawing the region: Hermann Jansen’s vision of Greater Berlin in 1910. The Journal of Architecture, 20(1), 47-72.

Bozdoğan S. (2001). Modernism and Nation Building. Seattle:University of Washington Press.

Bozdoğan S, Akcan E (2012) Turkey: modern architects in history. Reaktion, London.

Cataldi G (2003) From Muratori to Caniggia: the origins and development of Italian school of design typology. Urban Morphology 1:96–99.

Conzen MRG (1958) The growth and character of Whitby. In: Daysh GHJ (ed) A survey of Whitby and the surrounding area. Shakespeare Head Press, Eton, pp 49–89.

Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick: Northumber- land: a study in town-plan analysis Institute of British Geographers Publication 27. George Philip, London.

Conzen MRG (1969) Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis, 2nd edn. Institute of British Geograpers Publication 27. Institute of British Geographers, London.

Conzen MRG (1975) Geography and townscape conservation. In: Uhlig H, Lienau C (eds) Anglo-German symposium in applied geography. Lenz, Giessen, pp 95–102.

Conzen, M. R. G. (2004) Thinking about urban form: papers on urban morphology (Conzen, M. P., ed.). Peter Lang, Bern.

Cullen G (1961) Townscape. Reinhold, New York.

Gu K (2018) Exploring Urban Morphology as Urban Design.

Pedagogy. In Oliveira V (ed) Teaching Urban Morphology. Springer, Cham, pp.145-158.

Günay, B. (2005) Türkiye mimarlığı: gelenek, yöre, doğu, batı (Architecture in Turkey: tradition, locality, east, west). Şehir Plancıları Odası, Ankara.

Hall T (2008) The form-based development plan: bridging the gap between theory and practice in urban morphology. Urban Morphology 12(1):77–95.

Hedman R, Jaszenski A (1984) Fundamentals of urban design. APA Press, Chicago.

Jacobs A, Appleyard D (1987) Toward an Urban Design Manifesto, Journal of the American Planning Association, 53:1, 112-120.

Jacobs J (1961) The death and life of great American cities. Vintage Books, New York.

Keskinok Ç (2006) Şehirciliğimizin yüzyılını değerlendirirken (On the evaluation of a century of our urbanism). In: Keskinok Ç (ed) Kentleşme siyasaları (Urbanization policies). Kaynak, Istanbul, pp 213–218.

Kropf K (1996) Urban tissue and the character of towns. Urban Design International 1:247–263.

Kropf K (2014) Ambiguity in the definition of built form. Urban Morphology 18(1):41–57.

Kropf K (2017) The handbook of urban morphology. Chichester, Wiley.

Kropf K, Ferguson P (2014) City of Bath morphological study. Built Form Resource, Oxford.

Larkham PJ (2006) The study of urban form in Great Britain. Urban Morphology 10(2):117–141.

Loius, H. (1936). Die geographische Gliederung von Gross-Berlin’, in Louis, H. and Panzer, W. (er.) Landerkundliche Forschung: Krebs-Festschrift içinde (s.146-171), Engelhorn, Stuttgart.

Lynch K (1960) The image of the city. MIT Press, Massachusetts.

Lynch K (1981) Good City Form, MIT: Cambridge Massachusetts.

Moudon AV (1997) Urban morphology as an emerging interdisciplinary field. Urban Morphology

(1):3–10.

Oliveira V (2006) The morphological dimension of municipal plans. Urban Morphology 10(2):101–113.

Oliveira V (2016) Urban morphology: an introduction to the study of the physical form of cities. Springer, Dordrecht.

Oliveira V, Sousa S (2012) Urban morphology in planning practice. Urban Morphology 16(1):80–82.

Oliveira V, Silva M, Samuels I (2014) Urban morphological research and planning practice: a Portuguese assessment. Urban Morphology 18(1):23–39.

Öncel, A. D. (2010) Apartman: Galata’da yeni bir konut tipi (Apartment: a new housing type in Galata). Kitap, İstanbul.

Panerai P., Castex J., Depaule, J. C. & Samuels, I. (2004). Urban forms: the death and life of the urban block. Oxford: Architectural Press.

Rykwert, J. (2010). The Seduction of Place. Oxford: University of Oxford Press.

Saban Okesli D. (2009). Hermann Jansen’s planning principles and his urban legacy in Adana. METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 26(2), 45-67.

Samuels I (1990) Architectural practice and urban morphology. In: Slater TR (ed) The built form of Western cities. Leicester University Press, Leicester, pp 415–435.

Samuels I (1997) A typomorphological approach to design. Urban Design International 4:129–141.

Samuels I (2019a) Research and Practice, in V. Oliveira (ed.), J.W.R. Whitehand and the Historico-geographical Approach to Urban Morphology, Springer, Cham, p. 115-131.

Samuels I (2019b) Mind the gap, Urban Morphology 23(2):169-70.

Scheer BC (2008) Urban morphology and urban design. Urban Morphology 12(2):131–133.

Scheer BC (2010) Evolution of urban form: typology for planners and architects. APA, Chicago.

Schlüter, O. (1899). Bemerkungen zur Siedelungs-geographie, Geographische Zeitschrift, 5, 65– 84.

Sey, Y. (1998a) ‘Cumhuriyet döneminde Türkiye’de mimarlık ve yapı’ (‘Production of architecture and building during the Republican period’), in Sey, Y. (ed.) 75 yılda değişen kent ve mimarlık (75 years of urban and architectural change) (Tarih Vakfı, İstanbul) 25–40.

Sey, Y. (1998b) ‘Cumhuriyet döneminde konut’ (‘Housing during the Republican period’), in Sey, Y. (ed.) 75 yılda değişen kent ve mimarlık (75 years of urban and architectural change) (Tarih Vakfı, İstanbul) 273–300.

Tankut G (1993) Bir bas ̧kentin imarı (Development of a capital city). Anahtar, istanbul.

Tibbalds F (2001) Making people-friendly towns. Taylor & Francis, London.

Trancik. R. (1986). Finding Lost Space: Theories of Urban Design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Urban Task Force (1999) Towards an urban renaissance. DETR, London.

Ünlü T, Baş Y (2017). Morphological processes and the making of residential forms: morphogenetic types in Turkish cities. Urban Morphology 21(2):105-122.

Ward, S. (1992). The Garden City introduced. Ward, S. (Der.) The Garden City: Past, present and future içinde. Oxon: Spon.

Whitehand, J. W. R. (1981) ‘Conzenian ideas: extension and development’, in Whitehand, J. W. R. (ed.) The urban landscape: historical development and management. Papers by M. R. G. Conzen Institute of British Geographers Special Publication 13 (Academic Press, London) 127-52.

Whitehand JWR (2001) British urban morphology: the Conzenian tradition. Urban Morphology 5(2):103–109.

Whitehand JWR (2005) The problem of anglophone squint. Area 37:228–230.

Whitehand JWR (2007) Conzenian urban morphology and urban landscapes. In: Proceedings of the 6th international space syntax symposium, Istanbul.

Whitehand JWR (2009) The structure of urban landscapes: strengthening research and practice. Urban Morphology 13(1):5–27.

Whitehand JWR (2012) Issues in urban morphology. Urban Morphology 16(1):55–65.

Whitehand JWR (2019) ISUF and Urban Morphology: 25 years on and counting, Urban Morphology 23(2):103–4.

Downloads

Published

26-12-2019

How to Cite

Ünlü, T. (2019). Managing the urban change: A morphological perspective for planning. ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 7, 55–72. https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2019.82