Re-coding The Characteristics of Public Spaces: The Case of İstanbul

Authors

  • Fatih Terzi Prof. Dr. Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Urban and Regional Planning Department, Taskisla Campus, 34437 Taksim. Beyoğlu/Istanbul E-mail: terzifati@itu.edu.tr http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1292-576X
  • Mert Akay Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Urban and Regional Planning Department, Taskisla Campus, 34437 Taksim. Beyoğlu/Istanbul. E-mail: mertakay@itu.edu.tr http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-9625
  • Deniz Erdem Okumuş Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Urban and Regional Planning Department, 34349 Beşiktaş/Istanbul. E-mail: denizer@yildiz.edu.tr http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2671-0126
  • Pınar Gökçe Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Urban and Regional Planning Department, Taskisla Campus, 34437 Taksim. Beyoğlu/Istanbul. E-mail: gokcep@itu.edu.tr http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3282-9302

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2019.95

Keywords:

Urban Square Potential, urban spaces, urban design, İstanbul

Abstract

This study proposes a quantitative assessment method to ascertain urban square potential at 12 gates of the historic city wall where different typologies, characteristics and periodic features are observed in Fatih district of Istanbul. The quantitative assessment method is based upon a series of indexes including 7 factors in total consisting of 35 indicators. The proposed method developed an “urban square potential index”, making use of “transport and accessibility”, “convex size”, “built-up environment”, “purpose of use and density”, “morphology”, “landscaping character” and “identity” factors. This index enables assessment of a square according to a) historical-cultural heritage richness and identity, b) functional diversity, c) accessibility, and d) vitality and spatial quality. This paper presents a base for “decision-support system” for decision-makers in determination of the most suitable square with a limited budget, time, labor and equipment during urban square development, design and improvement activities. Furthermore, it allows determination and implementation of the necessary interventions/improvements in order for the available undefined urban spaces to gain urban square functions.  

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Fatih Terzi, Prof. Dr. Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Urban and Regional Planning Department, Taskisla Campus, 34437 Taksim. Beyoğlu/Istanbul E-mail: terzifati@itu.edu.tr

Prof. Dr. Fatih Terzi, is a faculty member in the department of urban and regional planning at Istanbul Technical University. The area of interest focuses on sustainable urban spatial growth, site planning, ecological planning and smart cities, and he uses quantitative techniques and geographic information systems effectively. In addition to his academic and theoretical work, Professor Terzi, also has experiences on practices of urban planning and design. In particular, he carried out projects and consultancy activities with various municipalities, Housing Administration Office (TOKI) and Ministry of Environment and Urbanization on the field of strategic planning, environmental plan, development plans and urban regeneration. In addition to these practices, Terzi also has awards in national and international urban planning and design project competitions.

Mert Akay, Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Urban and Regional Planning Department, Taskisla Campus, 34437 Taksim. Beyoğlu/Istanbul. E-mail: mertakay@itu.edu.tr

Mert Akay, is a research assistant at Department of Urban and Regional Planning at ITU and he is in charge of R&D and Corporate Communication of Faculty of Architecture, ITU. Mert received his MSc degree in Urban Design (METU) with his thesis titled “Algorithmic Design Control for Plot–based Urbanism: A Model Proposal in Turkish Spatial Planning Context” and a BSc in City and Regional Planning (METU). He also took active roles in the organization of several exhibitions as well as participating urban design competitions. He is currently working on physical planning and design, generative design, parametric modelling, plot-based urbanism and creative visualization in urbanism.

Deniz Erdem Okumuş, Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Urban and Regional Planning Department, 34349 Beşiktaş/Istanbul. E-mail: denizer@yildiz.edu.tr

Deniz Erdem Okumuş, B. Urban and Reg. Pl., B. Landscape Arch., M. Urban Planning. Graduated from Istanbul Technical University as an urban planner in 2011 and as a landscape architect in 2014. She completed her master’s thesis on the effects of urban regeneration projects on urban quality of life in 2014. She is a research assistant at the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at Yildiz Technical University. She has been conducting research on the effects of urban fabric on urban heat islands and mitigation capacities of alternative design strategies for her Ph.D. thesis at Istanbul Technical University. Her areas of interest are urban micro-climate issues, sustainable urban design, urban informatics, and geographical information systems.

Pınar Gökçe, Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture, Urban and Regional Planning Department, Taskisla Campus, 34437 Taksim. Beyoğlu/Istanbul. E-mail: gokcep@itu.edu.tr

Pınar Gökçe, is a research assistant at Department of Urban and Regional Planning at ITU and also doing PhD in ITU. Pınar received her MSc degree in Urban Design (ITU) with thesis entitled “Measuring Urban Rhythm Through Big Data: The Case of Istanbul”. She also joined several design project competitions. The area of interest focuses on information and communication technologies, smart cities, spatial analysis, big data and data visualization.

References

Bemanian, M., Ghasemi, Z., Saremi, H., & Sattarpour, M. (2016). Analyzing the effect of nature on social interaction in urban squares (case examples: squares of Tehran). Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 8(3), 1113–1125.

Brambilla, G., Maffei, L., Di Gabriele, M., & Gallo, V. (2013). Merging physical parameters and laboratory subjective ratings for the soundscape assessment of urban squares. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 134(1), 782–790.

Carmona, M., De Magalhaes, C., & Hammond, L. (2008). Public space: the management dimension. Routledge.

Carr, S., Stephen, C., Francis, M., Rivlin, L. G., & Stone, A. M. (1992). Public space. Cambridge University Press.

Crouch, D. P. (1981). The historical development of urban open space. Urban Open Spaces. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 7–8.

Development Type – Urban Squares. (2009).

Dilbaz, S. (2018). İstanbul: Roma Dönemi. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=3FBTDwAAQBAJ

Erten, S., Torun, A. O., Gurleyen, T., Akbas, C., & Zunbiloglu, E. (2016). Resilience abilities of urban squares: A study in Istanbul’s peripheral districts.

Esri. (2019). World Imagrey. Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA FSA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community.

Eyice, S. (1991). Ayvansaray. In Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi Cilt 4 (pp. 289–294). TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi.

Gözeller, A. (2013). Topkapı Semti. In İstanbul’un Kitabı Fatih I (pp. 332–337). İstanbul: Fatih Municipality, Kültür Yayınları.

Güncüoğlu, S. F., & Yavuztürk, Ş. P. (2013). Sulukule ve Çingeneleri. In İstanbul’un Kitabı Fatih I (pp. 368–380). İstanbul: Fatih Municipality, Kültür Yayınları.

Hayrullah, C. (2013). Şehremini Semti. In İstanbul’un Kitabı Fatih I (pp. 302–319). İstanbul: Fatih Municipality, Kültür Yayınları.

İlkay, Y. (2007). The Political Struggle on and at Public Space: The Case of Kizilay Square. Middle East Technical University.

Kang, J. (2005). Numerical modeling of the sound fields in urban squares. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 117(6), 3695–3706.

Krier, R. (1979). Urban Space, New York: Rizzoli. Transl. C. Czehowski.

Kubat, A. S., Ozer, O., & Ozbil, A. (2013). Defining a strategical framework for urban pedestrianization projects: Assessment of walkability in 3 urban squares in Istanbul. In Y. O. Kim (Ed.), SSS9 Proceedings book 9. Korea , Seoul: 9th Int. Space Syntax Symposium.

Liang, J., Hu, Y., & Sun, H. (2013). The design evaluation of the green space layout of urban squares based on fractal theory. Nexus Network Journal, 15(1), 33–49.

Madanipour, A. (1996). Design of urban space: an inquiry into a socio-spatial process. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=xOPVAAAAMAAJ

Memluk, M. Z. (2013). Designing urban squares. In Advances in Landscape Architecture. IntechOpen.

Nasution, A. D., Zahrah, W., & Ginting, N. (2018). Public open space as the only urban space for walking: Sumatera Utara experience. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 126(1), 12215. IOP Publishing.

Nowak, D. J., Rowntree, R. A., McPherson, E. G., Sisinni, S. M., Kerkmann, E. R., & Stevens, J. C. (1996). Measuring and analyzing urban tree cover. Landscape and Urban Planning, 36(1), 49–57.

Omar, D., Ramlee, M., Yunus, R. M., & Samadi, Z. (2018). Urban Public Space Revitalisation Strategies for George Town World Heritage Site. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 3(7), 285–291.

Peacock, S., Anderson, R., & Crivellaro, C. (2018). Streets for People: Engaging Children in Placemaking Through a Socio-technical Process. Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 327. ACM.

Project for Public Spaces. (2005). 10 Principles for Successful Squares. Retrieved June 20, 2018, from https://www.pps.org/article/squaresprinciples

Rašković, S., & Decker, R. (2015). The influence of trees on the perception of urban squares. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 14(2), 237–245.

Sepe, M. (2017). Placemaking, livability and public spaces. Achieving sustainability through happy places. The Journal of Public Space, 2(4), 63–76.

Terzi, F., Güler, E. E., Kaya, H. S., Seçkin, Y. Ç., Yılmaz, M., Okumuş, D. E., … Gökçe, P. (2016). İstanbul’da Tarihi ve Kültürel Miras Alanlarında Potansiyel Meydanların Belirlenmesi: Fatih, Eyüp, Üsküdar. Meydanlarda Tasarım, Yönetim ve Organizasyon Modeli Sempozyumu, 13–36. İstanbul.

Terzi, F., Güler, E. E., Kaya, H. S., Seçkin, Y. Ç., Yılmaz, M., Okumuş, D. E., … Gökçe, P. (2017). İstanbul’da Tarihi ve Kültürel Miras Alanlarında Potansiyel Meydanların Belirlenmesi: Fatih, Eyüp ve Üsküdar (Vol. 3). İBB Kültürel Miras Koruma Müdürlüğü & İTÜNOVA Teknoloji AŞ.

The Mayorship of Fatih. (2013). İstanbul’un Kitabı Fatih I. İstanbul: Fatih Municipality, Kültür Yayınları.

Turnbull, S. (2004). The Walls of Constantinople. UK: Osprey Publishing.

Vroman, L., & Lagrange, T. (2017). Human movement in Public spaces: The use and development of motion-oriented design strategies. The Design Journal, 20(sup1), S3252–S3261.

Walzer, M. (1986). Public space-pleasures and costs of urbanity. Dissent, 33(4), 470–475.

Xing, N., & Siu, K. W. M. (2010). Historic Definitions of Public Space: Inspiration for High Quality Public Space. International Journal of the Humanities, 7(11).

Yang, W., & Kang, J. (2005). Acoustic comfort evaluation in urban open public spaces. Applied Acoustics, 66(2), 211–229.

Yavuztürk, Ş. P. (2013a). Edirnekapı Semti. In İstanbul’un Kitabı Fatih I (pp. 340–365). İstanbul: Fatih Municipality, Kültür Yayınları.

Yavuztürk, Ş. P. (2013b). Eğrikapı Semti. In İstanbul’un Kitabı Fatih I (pp. 424–433). İstanbul: Fatih Municipality, Kültür Yayınları.

Zeka, B. (2011). The humanistic meaning of urban squares: the case of Çayyolu urban square project. MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY.

Downloads

Published

30-12-2019

How to Cite

Terzi, F., Akay, M., Erdem Okumuş, D., & Gökçe, P. (2019). Re-coding The Characteristics of Public Spaces: The Case of İstanbul. ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 7(2), 487–512. https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2019.95

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 2 (2019)

Section

Articles

License

COPYRIGHT POLICY 

1. The International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDeriatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license lets the author to share (copy and redistribute) his/her article in any medium or format.

2. ICONARP cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms:

The author must give appropriate credit, provide a link to ICONARP, and indicate if changes were made on the article. The author may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the ICONARP endorses the author or his/her use.

The author may not use the article for commercial purposes.

If the author remix, transform, or build upon the article, s/he may not distribute the modified material.

The author may share print or electronic copies of the Article with colleagues. 

The author may use the Article within his/her employer’s institution or company for educational or research purposes, including use in course packs. 

3. The author authorizes the International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) to exclusively publish online his/her Article, and to post his/her biography at the end of the article, and to use the articles. 

4. The author agrees to the International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) using any images from the Article on the cover of the Journal, and in any marketing material. 

5. As the author, copyright in the Article remains in his/her name. 

6. All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal.