USE OF AUGMENTED REALITY IN THE PRESERVATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE: CASE OF THE AQUEDUCT KURU KOPRU (KAYSERI, TURKEY)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2021.152Keywords:
Architectural Preservation, Augmented Reality, Kayseri Kuru Kopru, AqueductsAbstract
Purpose
The architectural preservation embeds all the activities dealing with the sustainability of the built heritage. The representation and diffusion of heritage take a core place in that process. This study aims at the diffusion of the Aqueduct Kuru Kopru towards a broad public audience, establishment of the awareness that Augmented Reality (AR) methods can be used for the evaluation and presentation of the semi-collapsed structures and serving as a model for the representation and diffusion of virtual reconstructions of Architectural Heritage (AH).
Design/Methodology/Approach
This work refers to restoration and heritage visualization charters, combines Computer-Aided Design (CAD), photogrammetry survey method, and advanced texturing techniques to acquire and model virtual reconstructions of the Aqueduct Kuru Kopru from the Roman-Byzantine period to the year 2017. The paper also describes the frameworks for the implementation of a non-immersive and an immersive AR application to visualize modelled reconstructions. The method used consists of three main stages: modelling of the virtual reconstructions, texturing of models, and development of AR applications.
Findings
This study establishes AR and cultural heritage digitization techniques as efficient tools to represent and diffuse the Aqueduct Kuru Kopru. It engages a broad public audience in better comprehension and assessment of the aqueduct.
Research Limitations/Implications
The fact that the research is based on a single case study is a limitation for its generalisation. However, the case examined provides a basis for future work that may validate its findings in different contexts.
Originality/Value
The paper proposes the rediscovering of long-abandoned aqueduct Kuru Kopru by learning its spatio-temporal evolution through AR. The developed methodology can be easily implemented and puts forward the use of low-cost materials.
Metrics
References
Ahunbay, Z. (2014). Tarihi Çevre koruma ve restorasyon. Yapi Endustri Merkezi Yayinlari.
Autodesk. (2018, December 11). UVW Map Modifier. Autodesk Knowledge Network. https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/3ds-max/learn-explore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2019/ENU/3DSMax-Modifiers/files/GUID-78327298-4741-470C-848D-4C3618B18FCA-htm.html
Azuma. (1997). A Survey of Augmented Reality. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 6(4), 355–385.
Bekele, M. kassahun, Pierdicca, R., Frontoni, E., & Malinverni, S. (2018). A Survey of Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality for Cultural Heritage. 11(2), 36. https://doi.org/10.1145/3145534
Berk, M. G. (2018). Proposal for an Automated Form Finder System to Deduce the Authentic Morphology of Siirt Cas Houses. VR Technologies in Cultural Heritage, 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05819-7
Binan, D., Töre, T., & Kut, S. (2013). Mimari Koruma Alanında Artırılmış Gerçekliğin Kullanımı ve Değerlendirmesi Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi Örneği (Technical Report No. 2013–12; p. 43). Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2732.5521
Canciani, M., Conigliaro, E., Del Grasso, M., Papalini, P., & Saccone, M. (2016). 3D Survey And Augmented Reality For Cultural Heritage. The Case Study of Aurelian Wall At Castra Praetoria In Rome. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLI, 931–937. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B5-931-2016
Carmigniani, J., & Furht, B. (2011). Augmented Reality: An Overview. In Augmented Reality: An Overview (pp. 3–46). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0064-6_1
de la Fuente Prieto, J., Castano-Perea, E., & Arroyo, F. (2017). Augmented Reality in Architecture: Rebuilding Archaeological Heritage. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-2/W3, 311–315. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W3-311-2017
Denard, H. (2009). A new introduction to the London Charter. Londoncharter for the Computer-Based Visualisation of Cultural Heritage. http://www.londoncharter.org/fileadmin/templates/main/docs/london_charter_2_1_en.pdf
Di Mascio, D., Chiuini, M., Fillwalk, J., & Pauwels, P. (2016). 3D Digital Reconstructions of Lost Buildings. Digital Heritage, 2, 511–520.
El-Hakim, S. F., Beraldin, J. A., Picard, M., & Godin, G. (2004). Detailed 3D reconstruction of large-scale heritage sites with integrated techniques. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 24(3), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1109/mcg.2004.1318815
GEEAYK. (1988). Tescil Fişi (No. 177). GEEAYK.
ICOMOS. (2008). Charte ICOMOS pour l’interprétation et la présentation des patrimoines culturels patrimoniaux. ICOMOS – 16e AG / 16th GA Interpretation and presentation of cultural Heritage Sites / Interprétation et présentation des sites culturels patrimoniaux, Quebec. https://www.icomos.org/charters/interpretation_e.pdf
ICOMOS. (2013). ICOMOS Türkiye Mimari koruma bildirgesi. Ulusal Mimari Koruma Uzmanları Toplantıları ve ICOMOS Türkiye Milli Komitesi, Turkey. http://www.icomos.org.tr/Dosyalar/ICOMOSTR_tr0784192001542192602.pdf
Içten, T., & Bal, G. (2017). Artırılmış Gerçeklik Üzerine Son Gelişmelerin ve Uygulamaların İncelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Dergisi PART C: TASARIM VE TEKNOLOJİ, 5(2), 111–136.
Kozlu, H. (2010). Kayseri Yöresindeki Tarihi Harçların Karakterizasyonu ve Onarım Harçlarının Özellikleri [Doctoral Thesis]. Istanbul Technical University.
Milgram, P., & Kishino, F. (1994). A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays. IEICE Trans. Information Systems, E77-D, no. 12, 1321–1329.
Mourkoussis, N., Liarokapis, F., Darcy, J., Pettersson, M., Petridis, P., Lister, P. F., & White, M. (2002). Virtual and Augmented Reality Applied to Educationnal and Cultural Heritage Domains. Proceedings of BIS. Business information Systems, Poznan.
Noh, Z., Sunar, M. S., & Pan, Z. (2009). A Review on Augmented Reality for Virtual Heritage System. In M. Chang, R. Kuo, Kinshuk, G.-D. Chen, & M. Hirose (Eds.), Learning by Playing. Game-based Education System Design and Development (pp. 50–61). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Özer, D., Nagakura, T., & Vlavianos, N. (2016). Augmented Reality (AR) of historic environments: Representation of Parion Theater, Biga,Turkey. ITU AZ, 13(2), 185–193.
Sezer, M. (2012). Rölöve,Restitüsyon-Restorasyon projeler raporları Kayseri ili-Talas İlçesi Kuruköprü/ Roma Su Kemeri K35-d 09-b Pafta/ 1073-1074 Parsel [Technical Report].
The University of Arizona. (1993). Principles of Photogrammetry. https://www.lpl.arizona.edu/hamilton/sites/lpl.arizona.edu.hamilton/files/courses/ptys551/Principles_of_Photogrammetry.pdf
Töre, T. (2017). Mimari Koruma Bağlamında Artırılmış Mekân Uygulamalarının Kullanımı Ve Değerlendirilme Ölçütleri “@RKADEMI” Uygulaması [PhD Thesis]. Mimar Sinan Fines Arts University.
UNESCO. (2018). Qu’est-ce que le patrimoine culturel immatériel ? UNESCO Patrimoine culturel immatériel. https://ich.unesco.org/fr/qu-est-ce-que-le-patrimoine-culturel-immateriel-00003
Unity. (2018). Optimizing graphics performance. Unity Documentation. https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/OptimizingGraphicsPerformance.html
Virtual Archaeology International Network. (2016). Seville Principles. Alfredo Grande. http://sevilleprinciples.com/
Vlahakis, V., Karigiannis, J., Tsotros, M., Gounaris, M., Almeida, L., Stricker, D., Gleue, T., Christou, I., Carlucci, R., & Ioannidis, N. (2001, November). ARCHEOGUIDE: first results of an augmented reality, mobile computing system in cultural heritage sites. Proceedings of the 2001 Conference on Virtual Reality, Archeology, and Cultural Heritage. Conference on Virtual Reality, Archeology, and Cultural Heritage, Glyfada. https://doi.org/10.1145/584993.585015
Voinea, G.-D., Girbacia, F., Postelnicu, C. C., & Marto, A. (2018). Exploring Cultural Heritage Using Augmented Reality Through Google ’ s Project Tango and ARCore. VR Technologies in Cultural Heritage, 93–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05819-7
Zhang, Y. (2016). Virtual Tourism-Digital Scanning, Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality as a Holistic Approach to Chinese Historic Building Preservation [Master Thesis]. OCAD University.
Zhao, Q. (2009). A survey on virtual reality. In Sci China Ser F-Inf Sci: Vol. 52 | (pp. 348–400).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Iconarp International Journal of Architecture and Planning
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
COPYRIGHT POLICY
1. The International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDeriatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license lets the author to share (copy and redistribute) his/her article in any medium or format.
2. ICONARP cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms:
The author must give appropriate credit, provide a link to ICONARP, and indicate if changes were made on the article. The author may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the ICONARP endorses the author or his/her use.
The author may not use the article for commercial purposes.
If the author remix, transform, or build upon the article, s/he may not distribute the modified material.
The author may share print or electronic copies of the Article with colleagues.
The author may use the Article within his/her employer’s institution or company for educational or research purposes, including use in course packs.
3. The author authorizes the International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) to exclusively publish online his/her Article, and to post his/her biography at the end of the article, and to use the articles.
4. The author agrees to the International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) using any images from the Article on the cover of the Journal, and in any marketing material.
5. As the author, copyright in the Article remains in his/her name.
6. All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal.