AN APPROACH TO EVALUATE EXHIBITION LIGHTING ALTERNATIVES: THE CASE OF MUSEUM OF PALACE COLLECTIONS

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2020.103

Keywords:

Energy efficiency, glare, illuminance, museum lighting, showcase lighting

Abstract

Purpose

Museums collect, preserve, analyse, and exhibit works of art and historical values. There are numerous publications that offer guidance on museum lighting to balance exhibition and preservation requirements.

Some guidelines such as the way of control of illuminance on three-dimensional artefacts, the acceptable illuminance uniformity, and the limiting values for direct glare are missing in literature on museum lighting. The aim of this study is to suggest limiting values for the mentioned lighting requirements, describe the way of lighting control on 3D objects, and to present an approach to evaluate different lighting alternatives in terms of conservation, accurate perception of artworks, and energy consumption.

Design/Methodology/Approach

The evaluation of various lighting alternatives was carried out by reference to the Museum of Palace Collections. The lighting alternatives that can be applied in the exhibition hall of the museum were investigated in the first phase of the study. Twelve lighting arrangement alternatives have been design ed and modelled by means of DIALux lighting software and the results were obtained in terms of preservation, lighting design criteria, and energy consumption. An approach has been developed in which all considered criteria were assessed separately. The results of twelve lighting arrangements were compared according to the presented approach. The number of lighting design criteria that met the requirements and their degree of fulfilment were considered in comparison. Subsequently, the optimal lighting alternatives were determined.

Findings

The results acquired in the twelve arrangements designed via the lighting program were compared with respect to illuminance level and uniformity, direct glare, reflected glare, shadow properties, perceptibility of the hall, and energy efficiency. Taking into account all the mentioned criteria the optimum lighting arrangements for the conditions of this study were determined as ‘indirect general lighting and showcase lighting with horizontal linear luminaire behind the upper metal profile’, followed by ‘indirect general lighting and showcase lighting with horizontal linear lamp behind the opal glass ’.

Research Limitations/Implications

So as to limit the conditions of the study, the existing showcase types and the exhibition design were kept constant. It is obvious that more lighting alternatives can be created by considering other types of showcases and exhibition design in addition to the existing ones.

Practical Implications

The evaluation process proposed in this study and discussed using the Museum of Palace Collections as an example can be followed to make the most rational decision regarding the illumination of other exhibition halls.

Social Implications

One of the main objectives of museum lighting is to assure the visitors perceive the properties of exhibited objects comfortably and completely.  The perceptibility of the exhibition hall itself can also be important especially if it has historical value and/or exceptional architecture.  Rational decisions for artificial lighting ensure that the hall and the artefacts displayed within it are fully and comfortably perceived and consequently visitors can benefit as much as possible from the exhibition.

Originality/Value

In this study, some missing guidelines for museum lighting are proposed and an approach is presented to evaluate possible different lighting alternatives for exhibition halls. Finally, the importance of simultaneous architectural-, interior-, lighting- and display design is emphasized.

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Author Biographies

Taner Çelikmez, LC Waikiki Mağazacılık Hizmetleri

Taner Çelikmez, M.Arch., graduated from Yıldız Technical University in 2012 as an architect and received his MSc degree in Building Physics from Yıldız Technical University in 2017. He works as an architectural projects manager in Construction Investments Directorate at LC Waikiki.

Leyla Dokuzer Öztürk, Yildiz Technical University

Leyla Dokuzer Öztürk, Prof.Dr., studied Architecture at Yıldız Technical University and obtained her MSc degree in Building Physics and PhD in Lighting in the same university. Despite being involved in all building physics topics, her areas of specialization are lighting, energy efficiency, luminaire design, and colour. She is one of the founders of the Turkish National Committee on Illumination and is the country member of Division 3 of CIE. At present, she is an academic lecturer at Faculty of Architecture in Yıldız Technical University.

References

CEN: European Committee for Standardization (2014). Conservation of Cultural Heritage- Guidelines and Procedures for Choosing Appropriate Lighting for Indoor Exhibitions. EN 16163, Brussels.

CEN: European Committee for Standardization (2011). Light and Lighting-Lighting of Work Places - Part 1: Indoor Work. EN 12464-1, Brussels.

CIE: International Commission on Illumination (2004). Control of Damage to Museum Objects by Optical Radiation. CIE 157, Vienna.

Csuti, P., Fay, A., Schanda, J. et.al. (2015). “Colour fidelity for picture gallery illumination, Part 2: Test sample selection-museum tests”, Lighting Research and Application, 47: 522-532.

Çelikmez, T. (2017). Sergileme Hacmi Aydınlatma Alternatiflerinin Karşılaştırılması: Saray Koleksiyonları Müzesi Örneği (Comparison of Exhibition Room Lighting Alternatives: The Palace Collections Museum as an Example). MSc Thesis, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul.

Druzik, J.R., Michalski, S.W. (2011). Guidelines for Selecting Solid-State Lighting for Museums. Report for Canadian Conservation Institute, http://www.connectingtocollections.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/SSL-Guidelines-Ver.-10.0.pdf. Access date 19 August 2018.

Feltrin, F., Leccese, F., Hanselaer, P. et.al. (2017). “Analysis of Painted Artworks’ Color Appearance Under Various Lighting Settings”, IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering, 6-9 June 2017, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7977574, Italy.

FGL: Fördergemeinschaft Gutes Licht, Good Lighting for Museums, Galleries and Exhibitions (2018) Booklet 18, https://www.licht.de/fileadmin/Publications/lichtwissen/0703_lw18_E_light_museums_galleries_web.pdf. Access date 19 August 2018.

Garside, D., Curran, K., Korenberg, C. et. al. (2017). “How is museum lighting selected? An insight into current practice in UK museums”, Journal of the Institute of Conservation, 40: 3-14.

ICOM: International Council of Museums (2004). Running a Museum: A Practical Handbook. Paris.

IESNA: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (2000). Lighting Handbook. 9thed. New York.

IESNA: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (1996). Museum and Art Gallery Lighting: A Recommended Practice. RP-30-96, New York.

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Luo, H.W., Chen, H.S., Chou, C.J. et. al. (2016). “Improving museum lighting: new experiments in perception and the colour changes caused by white LED lighting”, Stud. Conserv, 61: 302-304.

Scuello, M., Abramov, I., Gordon, J., et. al. (2004). “Museum Lighting: Optimizing the Illuminant”, Color Res Appl, 29: 121-127.

Vidovszky- Németh, A., Kosztyán, Z.T. (2016). “Introductory experiments on preferred picture illuminations”, IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries, 13-16 September 2016, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7745516, Poland.

Wilson, M. (2006). “Lighting in museums: Lighting interventions during the European demonstration project ‘Energy efficiency and sustainability in retrofitted and new museum buildings’ (NNES-1999-20)”, Int. J. Sustainable Energy, 25 (3-4): 153-169.

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Published

25-06-2020

How to Cite

Çelikmez, T., & Öztürk, L. D. (2020). AN APPROACH TO EVALUATE EXHIBITION LIGHTING ALTERNATIVES: THE CASE OF MUSEUM OF PALACE COLLECTIONS. ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 8(1), 20–46. https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2020.103

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020)

Section

Articles

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