Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2017.25

Keywords:

Urban skyline, environmental psychology, urban sketching, visual education, aesthetic evaluation

Abstract

In a lifetime, human brain constitutes cognitive models for various conditions and events in order to be able to adapt to the environment and lead a life based on experiences. Based on multidimensional sensory experiences, people create an internal model of a city and they use this model as a mental sketch in their new urban space experiences. Cognitive mapping methods create qualified data for way-finding and the process of classifying the stimuli of the living area and carrying out spatial designs that promote quality of life. Aesthetic perception of the urban pattern consists of keeping the skylines of a city in memory and being able to create an image in mind. Skylines are three dimensional urban landscapes which has a prime role in urban design studies. Urban skylines are the reference points for the historical perception of the environmental image. Urban skylines can be classified basically in three categories as the historical skyline, complex skyline in which new and higher structures are dominant and mixed skyline which is a combination of these two situations. The postcards and information guides for cities are important references in representing the identity for historical cities. The photographs seen in information guide books and postcards are attractive points for citizens and visitors of the cities. The fact that cities are changing constantly shows that cities like İstanbul, which are famous for their coastal skyline can protect the holistic aesthetic value of their very limited textures but cause a dramatic change and a chaotic visual effects within their urban transformation process. One of the major fundamental research areas of this study is to determine how these changes affect the memory. 

The aim of the study is to investigate how the image created by the skylines of historical cities can be expressed by drawing. The basic differences among the cognitive mapping techniques and the cognitive perception and the schematic display of a skyline can be discussed through this experimental approach. This study aims to do experimental research among a group of architecture students who are strong at drawing and schematic expressions. The selected group of samples will be asked to draw (1) the schematic skyline images of the city they live in and a city they have visited as far as they remember, (2) examined how they draw a skyline and how much time it takes after they are shown a skyline of a historical city chosen in a certain time, (3) watch a video on the streets of two different cities they have seen or haven't seen before, and asked to draw a skyline of the city based on what they have watched. Finally, these different situations will be analyzed. In the experimental study, After 3 days, drawing the best remembered skyline image will be requested from students. And what the sample group have thought in this selection in terms of aesthetics will be measured with the semantic differential and the adjective pairs. Participants will be asked to draw the catchy image of the skyline shown in order to compare the experimental methods and the subjective aesthetic evaluation methods. Observation-based determinations will be realized by the analysis of these drawings and the adjective pairs. In this way, the relation between the skyline perception and the aesthetic experience in urban life will be discussed. 

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Author Biographies

Seda H. Bostancı, Assoc.Prof.Dr.- Namık Kemal University

Assoc.Prof.Dr. Seda H. Bostancı gains her Urban and Regional Planning B.Sc. Degree from Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Faculty of Architecture. She completes her urban design and gain M.Sc. degree at the some university. And her PhD degree in Urban and Regional Planning is from İstanbul Technical University. Between 2004-2010 she work in Sarıyer Municipality as urban planner. She became PhD lecturer in 2010 at Okan University and in 2012 she became Assist.Prof.Dr. at the same university. In 2016 she started to work in Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University as Assoc.Prof.Dr. and she is still head of Political Science and Public Administration Department in Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University. Her main research areas are urban design, urban aesthetics and local governments. And her main courses in the universities are urban planning, sociology, urbanism and culture, local governments and public administration. 

Murat Oral, Assist.Prof.Dr.

Assist. Prof. Dr. Murat Oral had his Architectural Graduate Degree from Selçuk University, Faculty of Architecture. He completed his graduate and doctoral studies at Selçuk University, graduate school of science and technology. He got his graduate doctorate courses from İstanbul Technical University and Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Faculty of Architecture. He has worked as a lecturer at Selçuk University, the Faculty of Architecture since in 1990. He teaches basic design, urban design and building information and architectural project courses at the same faculty, in the department of architecture. He also works as vice chair at that department. 

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Published

18-12-2017

How to Cite

Bostancı, S. H., & Oral, M. (2017). Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline. ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 5, 45–59. https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2017.25

Issue

Vol. 5 (2017): SPECIAL ISSUE ''MEMORY OF PLACES''

Section

MP

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