Positive Effects of Morphological and Perceptual Boundary Factors on Vitality in the Static Activity Streets: Syntactic and Fractal Approaches
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2024.301Keywords:
Fractal geometry, Morphological boundary, Perceptual boundary, Space syntax, Static activityAbstract
Street vitality is a concept that makes the city more liveable with its economic and sociological gains. Static activities on the street contribute to vitality by supporting social interaction. This study investigates the positive effects of the perceptual and morphological boundary characteristics of static activity streets on the user. Using Space Syntax and fractal method, this research consists of two phases and the use of two different scales. The first step involves analysing the connectivity and enclosure factors of 13 static activity streets in Balıkesir city center at the street scale. By correlating the analysis results with the number of users determined by the observation method, the effect of street-scale boundary factors on user behaviour was determined. As a result of the first step, Aygıt Street, which has the highest boundary factor value at the street scale, was selected for the second step of the research, which is the building-scale analysis. The surrounding and permeability factors that create boundary effects at the building scale were analysed through street facades and sections, and the value was evaluated together with the areas preferred by people engaged in static activities. As a result of the correlation analysis between the boundary factor value and user behaviour, it has been determined that the connectivity, which creates a morphological boundary effect at the street scale, and the enclosure factor, which creates a perceptual boundary effect, positively affect the users. It was determined that elements such as awnings, eaves, flower beds, and signboards, which determine the surrounding factor that creates a morphological boundary effect at the building scale, increase the number of users. It is concluded that the wall surfaces on the street facades, which determine the permeability factor that creates a perceptual boundary effect at the building scale, positively affect user behaviour. The model created in this study, which brings together two different approaches, namely urban and architectural scales and morphological and perceptual boundary factors, is intended to form a basis for the design processes of spaces and streets that support static activities in cities.
Metrics
References
Akbarıshahabı, L., (2017). İmgelenebilir Kentsel Mekânların Niteliklerinin Fraktal Yaklaşım ile Saptanması ve Bir Tasarım Gramerinin Geliştirilmesi, Phd thesis, Gazi University, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
Akbarıshahabı, L., (2022). İnsan Ölçeğinde Tasarlanan Kentsel Mekanlar ve Kent Sakinlerinin Aidiyet Duyguları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme, Kent Akademisi, 15, s.136-154.
Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S., Silverstein, M., Jacobson, M., Fiksdahl-King, I., & Angel, S. (1977). A pattern language- towns, buildings, construction. Oxford University Press.
Ataol, Ö., (2013). İstinye’de Sosyal ve Mekansal Açıdan Sınır İncelemesi, Master thesis, İstanbul Teknik University, İstanbul.
Carmona, M., Heath, T., Oc, T. and Tiesdell, S. (2003). Public places, urban spaces. Oxford: The Architectural Press.
Carmona, M., & Tiesdell, S. (2007). Urban design reader. Boston, MA: Architectural Press.
Cooper, J., Oskrochi, R., (2008). Fractal analysis of street vistas: a potential tool for assessing levels of visual variety in everyday street scenes, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 35, 349 -363
Cooper, J., Oskrochi, R. (2013). The influence of fractal dimension and vegetation on the perceptions of streetscape quality in taipei: with comparative comments made in relation to two British case studies. Environment and Planning B Planning and Design, 40(1), 43-62.
Cullen, G. (1961). Townscape. London: Architectural Press.
El-Agouri, F., A., (2004). Privacy And Segregation as A Basis for Analyzing And Modellıng The Urban Space Composıtıon Of The Lıbyan Tradıtıonal Cıty Case Study: The Cıty Of Ghadames, Phd Thesis, The Graduate School Of Natural And Applıed Scıences Of Mıddle East Technıcal Unıversıty, Ankara, Turkey.
Ediz, Ö., Çağdaş, G., 2007. “A Computational architectural design model based on fractals”.Open House international 32(2), 36-45.
Ewing, R., Handy, S. (2006). Measuring the unmeasurable: urban design qualities related to walkability. Journal of Urban Design, 14(1), 65-68.
Farahani, L., M., Beynon, D., (2015). Pavement cafes as the activity zone in the social life of neighbourhood centers. Living and Learning: Research for a Better Built Environment: 49th International Conference of the Architectural Science Association, pp.193–202.
Gehl, J., (2011). Life Between Buildings, Island Press, Washington.
Gehl, J., Svarre. B., (2013). How to Study Public Life. Island Press, Washington.
Gehl, J., (2019). İnsan İçin Kentler, (Çev. Erten, E.), Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
Gündoğdu, H., M., Dinçer, E., (2020). Tekirdağ Kent Merkezinin “Yürünebilirlik” Açısından Değerlendirilmesinde Bir Yöntem Araştırması. Planlama, 30(3), s. 478-507.
Gürer, N., (2017). Evaluation on Living Public Spaces and Their Qualities – Case Study from Ankara Konur, Karanfil and Yüksel Streets, Materials Science and Engineering,
Hassan, M., D., Moustafa, M., Y., El-fiki, M., S., (2019). Ground-floor façade design and staying activity patterns on the sidewalk: A case study in the Korba area of Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 10, 453-461.
Heidegger, M. (1971). Poetry, Language, Thought, çev. Albert Hofstadter, New York: Harper and Row.
Hillier, B., Hanson, J. (1984)., The Social Logic of Space, Cambridge: Cambridge University, Londan.
Hillier, B., Liada, S. (2005). Network effects and psychological effects: a theory of urban movement, Conference: Spatial Information Theory, International Conference, COSIT 2005, Ellicottville, NY, USA, September 14-18, 2005, Proceedings
Jacobs, J. 1961. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Vintage Books.
Kalavı, A., (2021). Kentsel Mekânlarda Sokaklar Üzerinden Ölçülebilir Tasarım Niteliklerin Estetik Beğeni ile Bağlantı Değerlendirmesi: New York Kenti Örneği (Doktora Tezi), Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanından erişildi (Tez No. 679373).
Kaplan, R., Kaplan, S., & Ryan, R. (1998). With People in Mind: Design and Management of Everyday Nature. Island Press.
Kaya, H. S. (2010). Kentsel dokunun dinamik yapısının analizine yönelik sayısal yöntem önerisi. İstanbul Technical University, PhD thesis, İstanbul.
Körmeçli, P., Ş. (2023), Evaluating Accessibility of Street Network in Neighbourhood by Space Syntax Method: The Case of Çankırı, International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 11 (2).
Kubat, A., S., Güney, İ., Y., Özer, Ö., Başer, B., (2007). Space Syntax, Yapı Dergisi, 307,
-56.
Kubat, A., S. (2013), Defining A Strategical Framework for Urban Pedestrianization Projects: Assessment of walkability in 3 urban squares in Istanbul, Proceedings of the Ninth International Space Syntax Symposium, Seoul: Sejong University, 2013.
Lefebvre, H. (2014), The production of space, Translation: I. Ergüden, Sel Press, İstanbul. Originally published as La production de l'espace. Paris: Anthropos, 1974.
Mahdzar, S., (2008). Sociability vs Accessibility Urban Street Life, (PhD thesis). Bartlett School of Planning, University College London.
Mahdzar, S., (2013). Streets for People: Sustaining Accessible and Sociable Streets in Pasir Gudang City Centre, Proceedings of the Ninth International Space Syntax Symposium, Seoul: Sejong University, 2013.
Mandelbrot, B. B. (1982). The Fractal Geometry of Nature. W. H. Freeman. Paris.
Mehta V., (2006). Lively Streets: Exploring the relationship between built environment and social behavior, PHD Dissertation. USA: University of Maryland; 2006.
Mehta, V., (2009). Look closely and you will see, listen carefully and you will hear: Urban design and social interaction on streets. Journal of Urban Design, 14(1), 29–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574800802452658
Montgomery, J., (1998). Making a city: urbanity, vitality and urban design. Journal of Urban Design, 3(1), 93–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809808724418
Ostwald, M.J., Vaughan, J., Tucker, C. (2008). Characteristic visual complexity: fractal dimensions in the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier. Nexus VII: Architecture and Mathematics, ed. Kim Williams, Turin: Kim Williams Books, 2008, ss. 217-231.
Ostwald, M. J., Vaughan, J. 2016. The fractal dimension of architecture. First edition, Birkhauser Publishing, Basel, Italy, 423 pp.
Özer, Ö., (2014). Kentsel mekanda yaya hareketleri: Morfoloji ve çevresel algının etkisi, Phd Thesis, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul.
Peponis, J., Allen, D., French, S., Scoppa, M. and Brown, J.U. (2007) Street connectivity and urban density: Spatial measures and their correlation. Proceedings of the 6th International Space Syntax Symposium, Istanbul: ITU Press, pp. 004-01–004-12.
Schulz, C. N. (1971). Existence, space and architecture. London: Studio Vista.
Stamps, A. E. (2002). Fractals, skylines, nature and beauty. Landscape and Urban Planning, 60(3), 163–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00054-3,
Turner, A. (2004) ‘Depthmap 4: A Researcher’s Handbook’, In: URL: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/2651/ (visited on 01/31/2022).
Turner, A., (2007). To move through space, Lines of vision and movement, In Proceedings Space Syntax. 6th International Symposium, Istanbul, ed. by A.S. Kubat.
Whyte, H.W. (1980). The social life of small urban spaces. Washington DC: The Conservation Foundation. View publication
Van Nes, A., Yamu, C. (2021). Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies. In Introduction to Space Syntax in Urban Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59140-3
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
COPYRIGHT POLICY
1. The International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDeriatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license lets the author to share (copy and redistribute) his/her article in any medium or format.
2. ICONARP cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms:
The author must give appropriate credit, provide a link to ICONARP, and indicate if changes were made on the article. The author may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the ICONARP endorses the author or his/her use.
The author may not use the article for commercial purposes.
If the author remix, transform, or build upon the article, s/he may not distribute the modified material.
The author may share print or electronic copies of the Article with colleagues.
The author may use the Article within his/her employer’s institution or company for educational or research purposes, including use in course packs.
3. The author authorizes the International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) to exclusively publish online his/her Article, and to post his/her biography at the end of the article, and to use the articles.
4. The author agrees to the International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) using any images from the Article on the cover of the Journal, and in any marketing material.
5. As the author, copyright in the Article remains in his/her name.
6. All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal.
ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning is an OAJ supported by 