HOUSING.FLEXIBILITY: A FRAMEWORK FOR A QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION METHOD DUE TO TURKISH DESIGNERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2020.126Keywords:
Flexibility, housing quality, housing, assessment system, housing design, sustainabilityAbstract
Purpose
Flexibility became an important factor affecting the quality of housing projects in Turkey nowadays due to the requirement of the permanent mobile/dynamic lifestyle. Thus, a responsive housing design should be developed to allow modifications that respond to the changing demands of the tenants through time. Although it is a major debate in housing design for many years in western countries; the Turkish perspective of housing ignores the adjustment to changing needs and compensates it with big-sized dwellings, causing space consumption. This contradicts with the Turkish roots emerged from the nomadic lifestyle with the tent. Housing flexible design is an essential requirement in Turkish culture historically. This study aims to develop a quantitative evaluation method, in order to assess the level of flexibility, defining the indicators and the hierarchy to measure it.
Design/Methodology/Approach
In order to establish a Flexibility Assessment System, Value Engineering method is applied, a tool used in decision-making process to choose the ideal solutions. Additionally, this system will contribute to the improvement of the “architectural quality of housing” in Turkey, since now it is evaluated and commercialized merely by the calculations of the surface areas.
Findings
Despite that most of the experts have a different understanding and evaluation of flexibility, they concurred on some indicators to measure and evaluate flexibility. Moreover, this study has created a clearer definition of the terminology of flexibility from the point of view of Turkish society and provided basic guidelines for the implementation of flexible housing design.
Research Limitations/Implications
Quantifying a complex design parameter as flexibility using the Value engineering method requires the division and analyse the opinion of expert separately from the end users’ opinion.
Originality/Value
This study is the first study defining the criteria of flexibility, and their quantitative evaluation from Turkish cultural view. Moreover this study creates a more clear definition of the terminology of flexibility from the point of view of Turkish society and provides basic guidelines for the implementation of flexible housing design.
Metrics
References
Akalin, A., & Yildirim, K. (2010). User interventions in Turkish mass housing. Open House International ·, 35(1), 57–65.
Altaş, N., & Özsoy, A. (1998). Spatial adaptability and flexibility as parameters of user satisfaction for quality housing. Building and Environment, 33(5), 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0360-1323(97)00050-4
Altman, I., & Wohlwill, J. F. (2012). Human Behavior and Environment. Springer Science & Business Media.
Beisi, J. (1995). Adaptable housing or adaptable people? Experience in Switzerland gives a new answer to the questions of housing adaptability. Architecture & Comportement/Architecture & Behaviour, 11(2), 139–162.
CABE. (2004). Housing Futures 2024. Built Environment, 11.
Connaughton, J. N., & Green, S. D. (1996). Value Management in Construction: A Client’s Guide (Construction Industry Research & Information Association (CIRIA) (ed.)). (CIRIA).
Cristiana Cellucci, & Michele Di Sivo. (2015). The Flexible Housing: Criteria and Strategies for Implementation of the Flexibility. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 9(7), 845–852. https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2015.07.011
Darke, J. (1982). The Design of Public Housing: Architects’ Intentions and Users’ Reactions. University of Sheffield.
De Paris, S. R., & Lopes, C. N. L. (2018). Housing flexibility problem: Review of recent limitations and solutions. Frontiers of Architectural Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2017.11.004
Dirisamer, R., Kuzmich, F., Voss, W., & Weber, J. P. (1976). Project Dwelling of Tomorrow. In Hollabruun, Austria’,. Industrialisation Forum, 7(1), 11–16.
Domenig, G. (1991). Wohnprojekt “Neufeldweg” in Graz/A. Deutsche Bauzeitschrift, 39(4), 492–502.
Estaji, H. (2017). A Review of Flexibility and Adaptability in Housing Design. International Journal of Contemporary Architecture, 4(2), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.14621/tna.20170204
Forty, A. (2002). Words and Buildings: A Vocabulary of Modern Architecture Adrian Forty. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 61(1), 187. https://doi.org/10.2307/991831
Fricke, E., & Schulz, A. P. (2005). Design for changeability (DfC): Principles to enable changes in systems throughout their entire lifecycle. Systems Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1002/sys.20039
Groak, S. (2002). The idea of building: thought and action in the design and production of buildings. Taylor & Francis.
Habraken, N. J. (2019). Supports: an alternative to mass housing. Routledge.
Hasgül, E., & Özsoy, A. (2016). Konut Tasarımında Esnekliğin Farklı Konut Tipolojileri Üzerinden Tartışılması. Tasarım + Kuram, 22(1), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.23835/tasarimkuram.560642
Hertzberger, H. (1991). Lessons in architecture. 010 publisher.
Idrissi, D. (2006). Anpassungsfähiges Wohnen: zur Flexibilität des Wohnens in der muslimischen Gesellschaft [Universität Stuttgart]. http://dx.doi.org/10.18419/opus-53
İSLAMOĞLU, Ö., & USTA, G. (2018). MİMARİ TasarimdaEsnekli̇k Yaklaşimlarina KuramsalBi̇r Bakiş. The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 8(4), 673–683. http://dergipark.gov.tr/tojdac/issue/39502/466005
Kendall, S. (1999). Open Building: An Approach to Sustainable Architecture. Journal of Urban Technology, 6(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630739983551
Kiaee, M., Soltanzadeh, H., & Heidari, A. (2019). Measure the flexibility of the spatial system using space syntax (Case Study: Houses in Qazvin). Bagh-e Nazar, 16(71), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.22034/bagh.2019.86874
Koman, İ., & Eren, Ö. (2010). Flexible Design for Mass Housing in Turkey. Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering, 15(1), 53–66. https://doi.org/10.17482/uujfe.36923
Koolhaas, R. (1998). La ciudad genérica. S,M,L,Xl. 1.
Leung, M. Y., & Liu, A. M. M. (2003). Analysis of value and project goal specificity in value management. Construction Management and Economics. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144619032000065081
Mahdavinejad, M., Rezaei, S., Ebrahimi, M., & Mostafa, S. (2012). Proposing a Flexible Approach to Architectural Design as a Tool for Achievement Eco-Friendly Multi-Purpose Buildings. Advanced Materials Research, 622–623, 1856–1859. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.622-623.1856
Male, S., Kelly, J., Fernie, S., Grönqvist, M., & Bowles, G. (1998). Value Management: The value management benchmark: A good practice framework for clients and practitioners. Thomas Telford Ltd. https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/isbn/9780727750013
Moharram, L. A. (1998). A Method for Evaluating the Flexibility of Floor Plans in Multi-Story Housing [University of Pennyslvania]. https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8018587
Nal, E. İ., & Ünlü, A. (2009). Türkiye ’ de afet sonras ı kal ı c ı konutlarda esneklik kavram ı n ı n de ğ erlendirilmesi. İTÜDERGİSİ, 8(2), 101–109.
NJ, E. (2009). Designing High-Density Cities: For Social and Environmental Sustainability. Routledge.
Rabeneck, A., Sheppard, D., & Town, P. (1974). Housing Flexibility? Architectural Design, 43, 698–727.
Rajan, P. P. K., Van Wie, M. J., Wood, K. L., Otto, K. N., & Campbell, M. I. (2003). Design for Flexibility: Measures and Guidelines. International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED03, 203–207. http://www.designsociety.org/design_for_flexibility-measures_and_guidelines.download.24032-2.pdf
Rapoport, A. (1982). The meaning of the built environment: a nonverbal communication approach. The Meaning of the Built Environment: A Nonverbal Communication Approach. https://doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(86)90078-1
Saleh, J. H., Hastings, D. E., & Newman, D. J. (2003). Flexibility in system design and implications for aerospace systems. Acta Astronautica. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-5765(02)00241-2
Schneider, T., & Till, J. (2005). Flexible housing: opportunities and limits. Architectural Research Quarterly, 9(2), 157–166. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1359135505000199
Schneider, T., & Till, J. (2016). Flexible housing. Routledge.
Slaughter, E. S. (2001). Design strategies to increase building flexibility. Building Research and Information, 29(2), 208–217.
Sposito, C. (2012). Identità , Flessibilità e Sostenibilità per un nuovo Social Housing. Techne, 4, 153–159.
Steger, B. (n.d.). Über Partizipation. Mitbestimmung bei Ottokar Uhl. Retrieved January 10, 2020, from http://www.parq.at/parq/sections/ research/stories/297/
Stephen, K., & Jonathan, T. (2010). sidential Open Building (J. Teicher (ed.)). E & FN Spon.
Till, J., & Schneider, T. (2005). Flexible housing: The means to the end. Architectural Research Quarterly, 9(3), 287–296. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1359135505000345
Tuik. (2016). Nüfus ve Konut Araştırması 2011. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do;jsessionid=nz17W2ZZGnMPMkSDnhpqlFjwjrcTDKDV61rKmK420W46GyYy7h3r!671394295?id=15843
Uhl, O. (1981). Ablesbare Partizipation’. Bauwelt, 72, 38.
Van der Voordt, T. J. M., & Van Wegen, H. B. R. (2005). Architecture in use: an introduction to the programming, design and evaluation of buildings. Elsevier: Architecture Press.
Venturi, R. (1977). Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture (M. of M. Art (ed.)). Museum of Modern Art.
Zairul, Z., & Geraedts, R. (2015). New business model of flexible housing. CIB W104 International Conference The Future of Open Building, Zürich, Switzerland, September 9-11, 2015; Authors Version, 2050. https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:397ec20e-5d42-464c-85f3-b93e36d246b9?collection=research#?
Zivkovic, M., & Jovanovic, G. (2012). A method for evaluating the degree of housing unit flexibility in multi-family housing. Facta Universitatis - Series: Architecture and Civil Engineering. https://doi.org/10.2298/fuace1201017z
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
COPYRIGHT POLICY
1. The International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDeriatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license lets the author to share (copy and redistribute) his/her article in any medium or format.
2. ICONARP cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms:
The author must give appropriate credit, provide a link to ICONARP, and indicate if changes were made on the article. The author may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the ICONARP endorses the author or his/her use.
The author may not use the article for commercial purposes.
If the author remix, transform, or build upon the article, s/he may not distribute the modified material.
The author may share print or electronic copies of the Article with colleagues.
The author may use the Article within his/her employer’s institution or company for educational or research purposes, including use in course packs.
3. The author authorizes the International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) to exclusively publish online his/her Article, and to post his/her biography at the end of the article, and to use the articles.
4. The author agrees to the International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) using any images from the Article on the cover of the Journal, and in any marketing material.
5. As the author, copyright in the Article remains in his/her name.
6. All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal.
ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning is an OAJ supported by 