Rural gentrification in the North Aegean Countryside (Turkey)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2018.40

Keywords:

Rural gentrification, rural landscape, rural transformation, Adatepe

Abstract

This article examines rural gentrification as experienced on the North Aegean coasts of Turkey. The study area chosen is the closest Aegean coast to İstanbul and it attracts attention because of its archeological and mythological values, as well as its natural beauty and vernacular landscape. The most important element determining the rural landscape of the region is olive production.

Depopulation in rural areas since 1950s and development of tourism in coastal areas after 1980 has brought about the investment-disinvestment cycle which is in the rural gentrification theory. The migration from urban to rural and tourism activities, which began in the rural area studied in 1980s, gained momentum in 2000s, real estate prices rose. It has been observed that in the rural area where tourism facilities have been improved, gentrification occurs in parallel. It is possible to categorize the newcomers as summer house vacationists, retired people, national elite and entrepreneurs. The study is based principally on in-depth interviews with village mukhtars, local people, newcomers, tourism entrepreneurs, and professionals. Newcomers and new economies change the rural landscape. However, the real estate market did not yet play a significant role in the rural gentrification in this area, unlike in developed Western countries. On the other hand, replacement of the agricultural sector by the service sector and change in land use creates post-productive landscape in North Aegean Countryside.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Arzu Başaran Uysal, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University

Arzu Başaran Uysal received her degrees (B.CP, M.CP, PhD.) at the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Istanbul Technical University. She studied about participation at TU Berlin as a quest researcher. She is an associate professor in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at the Faculty of Architecture and Design, COMU. She has articles and researches on key issues of participation, environmental sustainability, and rural studies. 

Ipek Sakarya, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University

İpek Sakarya is an assistant professor in the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at the Faculty of Architecture and Design, COMU. Sakarya received her Ph.D. in Political Science and Public Administration at Istanbul University, a Master of Arts degree from ITU, department of Political Studies and a Bachelor of Urban and Regional Planning from ITU. Her researches mainly focus on urban politics, urban sociology and planning.

References

Adatepe Köyü, (n.d.). Retrieved March 30, 2011, http://www.adatepekoyu.com/

Aksoy, Y. (2008). Rakamlarla Küçükkuyu Beldesi. Küçükkuyu Değerleri Sempozyumu (pp. 1-9). Çanakkale: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Yayınları.

Atabay, M. (2008). Mübadiller Küçükkuyu’da. Küçükkuyu Değerleri Sempozyumu (pp. 89-115). Çanakkale: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Yayınları.

B2 Evi: Arkiv. (n.d.). Retrieved March 30, 2011, from Arkiv (The Architectural Journal) Website: http://www.arkiv.com.tr/proje/b2-evi/1858

Başaran-Uysal, A. (2017). Kırsalda Koruma ve Soylulaştırma İkilemi. Ege Mimarlık Dergisi, Mayıs 2017, 36-39.

Bijker, R. A., Haartsen, T., & Strijker , D. (2012). Migration to less-popular rural areas in the Netherlands: Exploring the motivations. Journal of Rural Studies(28), pp. 490-498.

Boyle, S. C. (2008). Natural and Cultural Resouces, The protection of vernacular landscape. In R. Longstreth, Cultural Landscapes: Balancing Nature and Heritage in Preservation Practice. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.

Boynudelik, M. (2008). Zeytin Kültürü: Miras ve Sorumluluk. Küçükkuyu Değerleri Sempozyumu (pp. 43-50). Çanakkale: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Yayınları.

Chaney, P., & Sherwood, K. (2000). The resale of right to buy dwellings: a case study of migration and social change in rural England. Journal of Rural Studies(16), pp. 79-94.

Cloke, P. (1985). Counterurbanisation: A Rural Perspective,. Geography, 70(1), pp. 13-23.

Cloke, P., & Thrift, N. (1987). Intra-class conflict in rural areas. Journal of Rural Studies 3(4), pp. 321-333.

Cloke, P., & Thrift, N. (1990). Class change and conflict in rural areas. In T. Marsden, P. Lowe, & S. Whatmore, Rural restructuring (pp. 165–181). London: David Fulton Publishers.

Çamur, C. K., & Yenigül, S. B. (2009). The Rural-Urban Transformation Through Urban Sprawl: An Assessment Of Ankara Metropolitan Area. The 4th International Conference Of The International Forum On Urbanism (IIFoU):. Amsterdam/Delft. Retrieved May 12, 2012, from http://newurbanquestion.ifou.org/proceedings/ 7%20The%20New%20Metropolitan%20Region/E016_Sevinc%20Bahar_Yenigul_TheNewUrabanQuestionForm.pdf

Darling, E. (2005). The City In The Country: Wilderness Gentrification and The Rent Gap. Environment and Planning A (37), pp. 1015-1032.

Davidson, M., & Lees, L. (2005). New-build `gentrification' and London's riverside renaissance. Environment and Planning A, 1165-1190.

Dean, K. G. (1984). The Conceptualisation of Counterurbanisation. Area 16 (1), pp. 9-14.

Dinçer, İ., & Enlil, Z. (2011). Sustainable Development and Regeneration in Rural Areas at the Metropolitan Fringe: the District of Sile, İstanbul. The 47th ISOCARP Congress: Liveable Cities: Urbanising World Meeting the Challenge. Wuhan, China.

Dinçer, Y., & Dinçer, İ. (2005). Historical Heritage, Conservation, Restoration in Small Towns and Question of Rural Gentrification in Turkey. ICOMOS 15th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, (s. 621-627). China.

Erten, İ. (2008). Kazdağları Güneyindeki Yerleşme Kültürü ve Bir Örnek: Adatepe Köyü. Küçükkuyu Değerleri Sempozyumu (pp. 20-30). Çanakkale: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Yayınları.

Friedberger, M. (1996). Rural Gentrification and Livestock Raising: Texas as a Test Case, 1940-1995. Rural History 7(1), pp. 53-68.

Ghose, R. (2004). Big Sky or Big Sprawl? Rural Gentrification and the Changing Cultural Landscape of Missoula, Montana. Urban Geography, pp. 528–549.

Glass, R. (1964). London: Aspects of Change. London: MacGibbon and Kee (Centre for Urban Studies).

Gosnell, H., & Abrams, E. J. (2011). Amenity Migration: Diverse Conceptualizations of Drivers, Socioeconomic Dimensions, and Emerging Challenges. GeoJournal (76), pp. 303-322.

Grabbatin, B., Hurley, P. T., & Halfacre, A. (2011). "I Still Have the Old Tradition": The Co-production of Sweetgrass Basketry and Coastal Development. Geoforum (42), pp. 638–649.

Guimond, L., & Simard, M. (2010). Gentrification and Neo-Rural Populations in The Quebec Countryside: Representations of Various Actors. Journal of Rural Studies (26), pp. 449-464.

Heley, J. (2010). The New Squirearchy and Emergent Cultures of the New Middle Classes In Rural Areas. Journal of Rural Studies (26) , pp. 321-331.

Hines, J. D. (2010). Rural Gentrification As Permanent Tourism: The Creation of The “New” West Archipelago As Postindustrial Cultural Space. Environment And Planning D: Society And Space (28), pp. 509-525.

Hurley, P. T., & Arı, Y. (2011). Mining (Dis)amenity: The Political Ecology of Mining Opposition in the Kaz (Ida) Mountain Region of Western Turkey. Development and Change 42(6), pp. 1393–1415.

Hurley, P. T., Halfacre, A. C., Levine, N. S., & Burke, M. K. (2008). Finding a “Disappearing” Nontimber Forest Resource: Using Grounded Visualization to Explore Urbanization Impacts on Sweetgrass Basketmaking in Greater Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina. The Professional Geographer 60(4) , pp. 1–23.

Karaata, C. (2008). Adatepe Köyü Mezar Taşları. . Küçükkuyu Değerleri Sempozyumu (pp. 117-131). Çanakkale: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Yayınları.

Kurtuluş, H. (2011). Mübadeleyle Giden Rumlar Turizmle Gelen Avrupalılar, Muğla´da Eşitsiz Kentsel Gelişme,. Istanbul: Bağlam Yayınları.

Law On Special Provincial Administration, Law 5302 (02 22, 2005).

Lees, L. (2003). Visions of ‘urban renaissance’: The urban task force report and the urban white paper. R. Imrie , & M. Raco içinde, Urban renaissance? New Labour, community and urban policy (s. 61-82). Bristol: Policy Press.

Nelson, P. B., Oberg, A., & Nelson, L. (2010). Rural gentrification and linked migration in the United States. Journal of Rural Studies (26), s. 343-352 .

Öğdül, H. (2013a). Metropoliten Kent Çeperlerinde Değişim Dinamikleri. H. Ögdül içinde, Kırsal Alan Planlaması Tartışmaları 1999-2009 (s. 379-383). İstanbul: Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi Yayınları.

Öğdül, H. (2013b). Kırsal Yerlesmeler ve Planlama Sorunları. H. Ögdül içinde, Kırsal Alan Planlamasi Tartışmaları 1999-2009 (s. 17-20). Istanbul: Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi Yayınları.

Öğdül, H., & Olgun, I. (2015, August 19). Köylerin Kırsal Kimliğinin Korunmasında Yeni Bir Araç: Köy Tasarim Rehberi. Güney Mimarlık Dergisi (19), 22-27.

Özarar, N. (2008). Bir Zamanlar Küçükkuyu. Küçükkuyu Değerleri Sempozyumu (pp. 133-136). Çanakkale: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Yayınları.

Phillips, M. (1993). Rural gentrification and the processes of class colonization. Journal of Rural Studies 9 (2), pp. 123-140.

Phillips, M. (2004). Other geographies of gentrification. Progress in Human Geography 28(1), pp. 5–30.

Phillips, M. (2005). Differential productions of rural gentrification: illustrations from North and South Norfolk. Geoforum (36) , pp. 477–494.

Phillips, M. (2007). Changing class complexions on and in the British countryside. Journal of Rural Studies (23), pp. 283–304.

Phillips, M. (2009). Gentrification, Rural. Editors . In N. Thrift, & R. Kitchin, International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (pp. 368-375). Oxford: Elsevier.

Phillips, M. (2010). Counterurbanisation and Rural Gentrification: An Exploration Of The Terms. Population, Space and Place (16), pp. 539-558.

Smith, D. P. (2002). Rural Gatekeepers And 'Greentrified' Pennine Rurality: Opening And Closing The Access Gates? Social & Cultural Geography 3 (4), pp. 447-463.

Smith, D. P., & Phillips, D. A. (2001). Socio-Cultural Representations Of Greentrified Pennine Rurality. Journal of Rural Studies (17), pp. 457-469.

Smith, N. (1979). Toward a Theory of Gentrification A Back to the City Movement by Capital, not People. Journal of the American Planning Association (APA Journal), pp. 538-548.

Smith, N. (1987). Gentrification and The Rent Gap. Annals of The Associations of American Geographers (77), pp. 462-465.

Smith, N. (2002). New globalism, new urbanism; gentrification as global urban strategy. Antipode 34(3), pp. 427–450.

Solana-Solana, M. (2010). Rural gentrification in Catalonia, Spain: A case study of migration, social change and conflicts in the Empordanet area. Geoforum 41(3), pp. 508-517.

Spencer, D. (1997). Counterurbanisation and Rural Depopulation Revisited: Landowners, Planners and the Rural Development Process. Journal of Rural Studies 13(1), pp. 75-92.

Stockdale, A. (2010). The diverse geographies of rural gentrification in Scotland. Journal of Rural Studies 26 (1), pp. 31-40.

Taş Mektep (Local Cultural Activity Center). (n.d.). Retrieved March 30, 2011, from Taş Mektep Website: http://www.tasmektep.com

TSI. (2011). Address-Based Population Registration System. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from Turkish Statistical Institute: http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/adnksdagitapp/adnks.zul

TSI. (2017, November 23). Newsletters, number 13662. Retrieved May 13, 2017, from Turkish Statistical Institute: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=13662

Tuna, M., & Özbek, C. (2012). Yerlileşen “Yabancı”lar, Güney Ege Bölgesinde Göç , Yurttaşlık ve Kimliğin Dönüşümü. Ankara: Detay Yayınları .

Urry, J. (1995). A middle class countryside? In M. Savage, & T. Butler, Social Change and the Middle Classes (pp. 205-220). London: UCL Press.

Van den Berg, L., & Klaassen, L. H. (1987). The contagiousness of urban decline. In L. Van den Berg, L. Burns, S., & L. H. Klaassen, Spatial Cycles (pp. 84-99). Vermont: Gower.

Walker, P., & Fortmann, L. (2003). Whose landscape? A political ecology of the ‘exurban’ Sierra. Cultural Geographies (10), pp. 469–491.

Weekley, I. (1988). Rural Depopulation and Counterurbanisation: A Paradox. Area 20(2), pp. 127-134.

Yaşar, C. G., Tezcan, A. M., & Poyraz, U. (2016). “Kırda Spekülasyon ve İmar: Ankara Örneği,” Yerelleşme Merkezileşme Tartışmaları. 9. Kamu Yönetimi Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı (pp. 408-419). Ankara : TODAIE.

Zukin, S. (1987). Gentrification: Culture and Capital in the Urban Core. Annual Review of Sociology (13), pp. 129-147.

Downloads

Published

25-06-2018

How to Cite

Başaran Uysal, A., & Sakarya, I. (2018). Rural gentrification in the North Aegean Countryside (Turkey). ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 6(1), 99–125. https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2018.40

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 1 (2018)

Section

Articles

License

COPYRIGHT POLICY 

1. The International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDeriatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license lets the author to share (copy and redistribute) his/her article in any medium or format.

2. ICONARP cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms:

The author must give appropriate credit, provide a link to ICONARP, and indicate if changes were made on the article. The author may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the ICONARP endorses the author or his/her use.

The author may not use the article for commercial purposes.

If the author remix, transform, or build upon the article, s/he may not distribute the modified material.

The author may share print or electronic copies of the Article with colleagues. 

The author may use the Article within his/her employer’s institution or company for educational or research purposes, including use in course packs. 

3. The author authorizes the International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) to exclusively publish online his/her Article, and to post his/her biography at the end of the article, and to use the articles. 

4. The author agrees to the International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) using any images from the Article on the cover of the Journal, and in any marketing material. 

5. As the author, copyright in the Article remains in his/her name. 

6. All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal.