ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp
<p><strong>Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design is the owner and publisher of ICONARP.</strong></p> <p>ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning as a free, open access, academic e-journal considers original research articles and viewpoints in peer-reviewe.</p> <p>Architecture, Planning and Design are strongly affected by other disciplines such as fine arts, philosophy, engineering, geography, economics, politics, sociology, history, psychology, geology, information technology, ecology, law, security and management. However, there are not enough academic journals which specifically focus on the connections of architecture, planning and design with other fields of science. <strong>ICONARP</strong> aims to fill that gap. Our scope is to provide a suitable space for theoretical, methodological and empirical papers in architectural, urban and real estate studies.</p>Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Designen-USICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning2147-9380<p class="paragraph"><strong>COPYRIGHT POLICY</strong> </p><p class="paragraph">1. The International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) open access articles are licensed under a <a title="Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDeriatives 4.0 International" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDeriatives 4.0 International</a> (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license lets the author to share (copy and redistribute) his/her article in any medium or format.</p><p class="paragraph">2. ICONARP cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms:</p><p class="paragraph"><span>The author must give <span class="helpLink">appropriate credit</span></span>, provide a link to ICONARP, and <span><span class="helpLink">indicate if changes were made on the article</span></span>. The author may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the ICONARP endorses the author or his/her use.</p><p class="paragraph">The author may not use the article for <span class="helpLink">commercial purposes</span>.</p><p class="paragraph">If the author <span class="helpLink">remix, transform, or build upon</span> the article, s/he may not distribute the modified material.</p><p class="paragraph">The author may share print or electronic copies of the Article with colleagues. </p><p class="paragraph">The author may use the Article within his/her employer’s institution or company for educational or research purposes, including use in course packs. </p><p class="paragraph">3. The author authorizes the International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) to exclusively publish online his/her Article, and to post his/her biography at the end of the article, and to use the articles. </p><p class="paragraph">4. The author agrees to the International Journal of Architecture and Planning (ICONARP) using any images from the Article on the cover of the Journal, and in any marketing material. </p><p class="paragraph">5. As the author, copyright in the Article remains in his/her name. </p>6. All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal.Evaluation of Open and Green Space Systems in the Context of Urban Livability
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/823
<p>Urban that has overgrown in recent years have affected human lifestyle and ecological balance in a negative way. Open and green spaces decreased. With this, unhealthy urban conditions occur. Therefore, urban is becoming more unlivable. The aim of this study, starting from the problem of insufficient/unqualified open and green areas in urban, is to show that cities are more livable when the open and green spaces system is designed. The “top 10 livable cities” ranking the world cities are listed by 6 different institutions and the same cities included in this list are selected. The open and green areas of 4 different selected cities were examined. In the scope, two basic concepts are based on: open-green space systems and urban livability. As a result of the study, it has been seen that open and green space systems affect cities more livable. Therefore, open and green areas are planned systematically for maximum benefit with a sustainable approach. However, systems also need new approaches at some points. At this point, a hypothetical open green space system is proposed in this study. The concept of urban liveability and open and green spaces, an index of urban liveability, are explained. Then, open and green space systems in the literature are clarified with examples. To show the relationship between urban liveability and open green spaces, the research results done by different institutions, the most overlapping cities have been selected according to the top 10 list of most liveable cities list. The value of this study to make itself original and the literature contribution is that at the end of the research, a new open and green system was suggested based on the open and green systems in the literature.</p>Özne HızlıEsin Özlem Aktuğlu Aktan
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811253856210.15320/ICONARP.2023.253A Theoretical Approach to the Spaces of the New Future: Planning under the Uncertainty Principle
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/824
<p>Over the past few decades, the world has become an increasingly dangerous and complex place, and thus, expectations from spatial planning have changed. The study defines the concept of uncertainty as an important problem area of spatial planning. Based on lack of native studies on this subject, it is aimed to reveal how the uncertainties in spatial planning process are handled in international literature. It consists of two basic steps. In the first step, a three-stage model, "Uncertainty Components of Spatial Planning" is proposed. These stages involve (i) the conceptualization, (ii) the classification and (iii) the evaluation of uncertainty. In the second step, a triangular framework was formed for the conceptualization stage of this model having components of (1) identification and modelling, (2) theories and processes, (3) legal regulations. The theoretical handling suggested that the concept of uncertainty is synonymously used with the concepts of vagueness and ambiguity in everyday life despite their differences. It is also found that uncertainty is the subject of many international studies having a common point of presenting either a model or a method to evaluate uncertainty. These studies were categorized in three groups in handling uncertainty; (1) in multidisciplinary context within a general framework, (2) in the field of planning under two subcategories (2a and 2b), and (3) in the field of environment. The studies carried out in the second category allowed for regular conceptual patterns in themselves, and they were shallower and more inward-oriented than those studies in the 1<sup>st</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> groups, and there is an apparent interaction between the 1<sup>st </sup>and the 3<sup>rd</sup> groups. In the model proposed, the focus was only on (i) the conceptualization. However, as the origin, definition and basis of the concept of uncertainty were revealed, it might provide an important initiation for future studies. The study is original in introducing the concept of uncertainty to native literature by elaborating on how it is handled in international studies. Proposals were offered on how to place this concept on a theoretical basis before establishing an evaluation framework for uncertainties within the spatial planning process in Türkiye.</p>Mihriban Öztürk SakaAygün Erdoğan
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811256358310.15320/ICONARP.2023.254Psychogeography in Planning: A New Methodological Approach via Representations of ‘Body’, ‘Urban Space’ and ‘Walking’
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/826
<p>Pattern of urban space penetrates the minds and bodies of citizens; this penetration results in a two-folded map: physical and psychogeographic maps. <em>Mental representations</em> enable (re)-reading the invisible components of physical organization through spatial practice. Re-mapping such an authentic spatial knowledge is a crucial but neglected field of enquiry within planning to grasp the gap between ‘what is conceived’ and ‘what is experienced’. ‘Psychogeography’ concentrates on how the environment influences individuals’ feelings and attitudes and therefore –at the intersection of geography and psychology– it presents an epistemological basis to examine such a gap and offers methodological inputs to cover the interrelation among top-down designs of urban space and bottom-up reproductions of ‘the soul’ of the city. Within this context, the main question of the study is “how the representations of walking experience can be used within planning with reference to the two-folded map assumption”. During this examination, theoretical and methodological readings on psychogeography led us to an <em>epistemological baseline</em>, as an initial step to construct a new spatial methodology of the ‘body’ and ‘walking experience’. The studyk is composed of three sub-sections. Firstly, the gap between ‘physical’ and ‘psychological’ maps is conceptualized. Secondly, the concept of <em>psychogeography</em> is defined as a source and method of spatial knowledge within its deficiencies and potentials. Lastly, the term, <em>Dérive</em>, implying ‘deviation’ and ‘resistance’, is discussed as a methodological path in grasping the gap between physical and psychological maps via the experience of body and conception of the designer.</p>Yasemin İlkay
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811258460310.15320/ICONARP.2023.255The Anthropocene and Disasters: Near Future, Will It Come?
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/848
<p>The Anthropocene Epoch can be characterized not as the increasing effect of humans/cities on the continental soil but as a temporal section in which the planet’s surface, the atmosphere, oceans, and nutrient cycle systems began to be changed/dominated by humans/urban. Together with the urbanization trend, the impact of cities and people is the driving force that started the Anthropocene Epoch. Global problems began to emerge with increasing trends, and irreversible disaster scenarios such as climate change, sixth mass extinction, biological destruction, and disasters were brought to the agenda. The increase in the diversity, frequency, and intensity of disasters increases the vulnerability and exposure of cities and people to different hazards, triggering disasters or making them worse. Events resulting from the Anthropocene Epoch "will the near future come?" also raises questions. For this reason, this study was created based on the assumption that the "Anthropocene Epoch includes disasters and cities play the main role here". In the context of this study, the historical process of the Anthropocene Epoch will be discussed, and the role of cities in this process will be determined. Finally, it will be investigated what will await humanity and cities shortly and which issues should be addressed in cities will be focused on.</p>Sümeyye KahramanErkan Polat
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811260462410.15320/ICONARP.2023.256Evaluating Accessibility of Street Network in Neighborhood by Space Syntax Method: The Case of Çankırı
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/880
<p>Designing inclusive cities by creating accessible neighborhoods in cities is one of the top agendas in urban planning and design. Therefore, it is important to examine settlements morphology to find out functional contributions to urban design. In this study, the aim is to find street characteristics that support accessibility by comparing street network of current and zoning plan in the neighborhood. The study was carried out in the Esentepe Neighborhood, which is far away from the city center of Çankırı. The fact that the neighborhood is one of the directions of urban development and is located in an area with low accessibility throughout the city requires the development of this area. The study area was evaluated by the space syntax method. The study was designed in three stages. First, the spatial accessibility of the street network in the Esentepe Neighborhood in its current state was analyzed by creating axial maps. Secondly, integration and connection maps were created to evaluate the accessibility of the street network based on the future development plan of the Esentepe Neighborhood. Finally, the current and master plan of the neighborhood was compared to understand the characteristic of accessible street network in the neighborhood. The study results revealed that integration and connectivity values increased compared to the current plan. The creation of simple, interconnected and intersected axes placed in a certain range increased accessibility of area. The long and continuous central axis providing access to the circular central area and the axes connected to this line have the highest integration value in the neighborhood. Space syntax will be a guiding tool on issues such as the selection, design and development of settlements in city plans. The transportation system, which promotes use of spaces around the residence in settlements planned far from cities, contributes to the evaluation of the social interaction areas for residents. The research develops a proposal method in terms of evaluating the future development of neighborhoods for creating a sustainable transportation system.</p>Pelin Şahin Körmeçli
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811262564910.15320/ICONARP.2023.257Determination of Environmental Ethics Approaches of Urban and Regional Planning Students
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/873
<p>Urban planners who are environmentally conscious and aware will take action to take responsibility, inform, and control. Raising environmental awareness is essential in urban planning education to understand environmental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to educate urban planning students on environmental ethics. This study investigates the environmental attitudes and behaviors of urban and regional planning students, who will shape the environment in the future within the context of the value-belief-norm theory. Moreover, to find clues that will shape environmental education in the course curriculum. The study included 226 students from the Department of Urban and Regional Planning in the Faculty of Architecture of Yıldız Technical University (YTU) and Amasya University (AU). Questionnaire data has been evaluated using principal components analysis, correlation analysis, T-test, and ANOVA analysis. According to the study findings, urban planning students have adopted biocentric, ecocentric, and anthropocentric value orientations. The study has found that students with ecocentric value orientation tend to show more pro-environmental behavior. The study concludes that the student’s characteristics also affect how they show pro-environmental behavior and evaluate environmental policies. In conclusion, focusing on ecocentric approaches in urban planning education can positively affect adopting pro-environmental behavior and policies. Additionally, study findings show that students with relatively better economic conditions are more inclined to have a biocentric value orientation. Based on the literature and these study findings, pro-environmental behavior is not a single-dimensional structure caused only by individuals' personal and professional characteristics. People's environmental attitudes and behaviors are shaped by their upbringing, school, friends, and culture. It shows that pro-environmental behavior has a multi-dimensional complex structure, and a conceptual framework can provide guidance to explain these kinds of behavior.</p>Aslı AltanlarEsin Özlem Aktuğlu AktanNilgün Çolpan Erkan
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811265067110.15320/ICONARP.2023.258Investigating the Barriers to Implementation of Green Roofs in Izmir, Turkey
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/969
<p>As a sustainable approach to urban environmental management, green roofs are becoming more and more popular. They have been discovered to help reduce the urban heat island effect, insulating against noise and heat, managing stormwater, and eventually reducing climate change. Despite its established advantages and widespread use in most developed countries, green roofs have just recently gained popularity in the Izmir building sector. Izmir, a fast-growing city that may profit from green roofs, seems to have little idea of its potential. This study aims to determine the barriers to the widespread adoption of green roofs in Izmir. For this purpose, qualitative research was carried out and semi-structured interviews with government officials from different backgrounds such as architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning, and engineering were carried out to gather the primary data. Although there are prospects for the adoption of green roofs, the study revealed that these roofs are not common in the study region due to expense, technical difficulties, a lack of understanding, and standards. In light of this, it was also discovered that for the local sector to progress, government authorities must provide incentives and change regulatory settings to better promote the use of green roofs, while industry organizations must offer educational initiatives. Moreover, it is crucial to enhance technicalproficiency and conduct research related to green roofs’ proven benefits in the context of Izmir.</p>Burçin Doğmuşöz
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811267269110.15320/ICONARP.2023.259An Analysis on the Biophilic Design Patterns in Higher Education Buildings: AGU as a Case of Biophilic Campus
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/834
<p>Examining the biophilic elements in education campuses, which are a smaller-scale representation of urban areas, would be an example of urban-scale human–nature improvements. In this context, this article aims to analyze the biophilic elements in Abdullah Gul University (AGU) Sumer Campus and 3 education buildings for the interaction tendency between nature and humans. This examination encompasses two processes, first, taking photographs through on-site observation and applying a survey. On-site observation and photography included author-collected evidence of biophilic elements on campus. A questionnaire was conducted to analyze the awareness of biophilic elements among the occupants of the AGU education buildings and campus. It was determined how many biophilic design principles exist in buildings and how aware the occupants are of these principles. Due to this detection, the potentials and shortcomings of the AGU education buildings and campus were brought to light in terms of biophilic design. In the research, the AGU campus and 3 main education buildings, which have significance in the historical spatial memory of the city of Kayseri and are in the restoration process, were chosen as a case. Buildings under restoration within the campus were excluded. In addition, 14 biophilic patterns identified by Browning, Ryan, and Clancy constitute the scope of this study. The research can be applied to other university campuses in the city of Kayseri. This awareness in education buildings will also lay the groundwork for the spread of biophilic criteria on an urban scale.The research treats education campuses and buildings as a small representation of the urban scale. With the analysis of biophilic elements, the AGU campus has original value in defining it as an example of a biophilic campus<strong>.</strong></p>Seyma Ezgi YılmazAsim Mustafa Ayten
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811269271510.15320/ICONARP.2023.260Evolution of Production Spaces: A Historical Review for Projecting Smart Factories
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/855
<p>Factories are transforming not only mechanically and technologically but also architecturally due to emerging developments in the industry and fabrication: This new process, called the Second Machine Age or Industry 4.0, a new model is designed in production by providing the human-machine partnership over a virtual network. It is aimed that the machines used in production and the people participating in different stages of production can work in different spaces. In time, jobs that require human power will be replaced by robots, and a new order is being considered where there will be no people in production spaces, and they can work in the virtual environment. Production for human beings is mostly from material production to digital production; labour will turn into digital labour. For this reason, it is thought that production spaces will turn into smart factories with only machines and production robots and no workers. And now the question is: what is a smart factory? The revolutions in the industry history started with the invention of the steam engine; then, new technological revolutions were experienced with the use of electricity in production, the development of automation systems and internet-based systems. While technology and production tools are constantly changing, these developments also affect production spaces. Factories are also transforming to keep up with these rapid and continuous physical and fictional innovations. This study focuses on the architectural evolution of factories by following the technological revolutions of the industry. It examines the main criteria in the process of change and transformation of factories and spatial reflections of the revolutions. It establishes a relationship between production technology and the needs of the production spaces and seeks references from past samples. The study aims to review the historical background for generating a projection to new production spaces and to be a new discussion for future factories.</p>Merve Pekdemir BaşeğmezBurak Asiliskender
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811271673310.15320/ICONARP.2023.261Thermal Performance Evaluation of TIM Combined with Residential Windows in Different Climatic Regions in Iran
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/907
<p>Windows play a significant role in the increase and loss of heat from the building envelope and determine the quantity, quality, and distribution of daylight. A strategy that involves incorporating transparent insulating materials into a double-glazed window offers the potential to provide combined improvements in thermal and daylighting performance. The thermal properties of transparent insulation materials in windows depend on various factors, such as the type of insulation material, thickness, geometry and insulation structure, location, and orientation of the window, among others. The aim of this research is to optimize three criteria: "thickness," "location of transparent insulation relative to window layers," and "direction of the wall with transparent insulation of the building window." The goal is to minimize thermal loads and reduce energy consumption in residential buildings. To achieve this, a real model was selected, and Design Builder software was used to measure the "heating load," "cooling load," and the sum of these two loads as the "total thermal load" for all three criteria in three cities of Iran with different climates: Tehran (moderate climate), Ahvaz (warm climate), and Tabriz (cold climate). The results of the research showed that for the city of Tehran, 3-inch insulation in the middle of the double-glazed window and the south front is optimal. For the city of Tabriz, 5-inch insulation on the inner surface of the window and the western front is optimal. And for the city of Ahvaz, 3-inch insulation on the outer surface of the window and the eastern front is optimal. It is worth noting that the annual heating load and total annual heating load for all three criteria have the highest values in Tabriz city. Therefore, it is recommended to use HSNPS insulation in transparent windows to reduce energy consumption in Tabriz (cold climate).</p>Mahya GhouchaniPari AlaviFarzaneh FazelSeyed Saman Ghaffari
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811273475310.15320/ICONARP.2023.262Developing a Model Proposal to Evaluate the Authenticity of Traditional Housing; Malatya Case Study
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/927
<p>Anatolia has been used as a settlement area by many civilizations throughout history due to its geopolitical and geographical features. Traditional houses in Anatolia convey the thousands of years of culture and identity of the region where they are located, with their unique architectural style. In this respect, traditional houses appear as the most important cultural heritage values that convey information such as the social, cultural, economic and architectural style of the period. Historical textures have been in change and transformation in the Malatya region, as in every region of Anatolia. However, Malatya has largely lost its traditional houses and texture due to many reasons such as rapid urbanization, unconsciousness, rent, and the destructive effect of time. In this study, which was prepared by addressing this problem, Fuzzy Logic and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) analysis system was used in order to evaluate the authenticity of civil architectural examples located in traditional tissue pieces in the urban area of Malatya and to protect these structures. Thus, it is aimed to develop an authenticity assessment method together with the experts of the subject (conservation experts, architectural historians, art historians). It is aimed to determine the authenticity of the buildings numerically and proportionally with the authenticity evaluation model developed with a systematic setup. Ahmet Kökçü House, located in Yakınca Neighborhood, was chosen as the study area due to reasons such as the fact that it largely preserved its traditional texture as a field study and faced extinction as a result of the rapid urbanization of Malatya's central city wall reaching the border of Yeşilyurt district. With the authenticity assessment model developed in this context, the authenticity of the building was determined by experts and suggestions were made for the preservation of the building.</p>Murat SahinBahtiyar Eroğlu
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811275478010.15320/ICONARP.2023.263Spatial Narrative in the Cinematographic Body Environment
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/981
<p>Due to the experimental interface of cinematographic space fiction that produces temporal and spatial intervals, architectural design can be explored via time-body-space relationships. In this study, Eskihisar Coastline/Turkey has been selected as an urban coastline, due to its potential as a public space where the body can be observed, much like all public spaces. It is being examined with an experimental surface exploration developed with the relations between fragments of spatial intervals within the context of the movement-body experience in cinematographic spatial fiction. So cinematographic spatial fiction is a spatial narrative displayed based on the time-body-space fragments. The study has explored cinematographic fiction as an architectural design approach through the notions of time-body-space shared between the disciplines of cinema and architecture. The research methodology is qualitative; coherent to the case-study. The experimental phases consisted of the fragmentation of video recording, the multiple exposure experiment, and the “kinesphere” experiment phases that visualized the inter-surface connection codes of Eskihisar Coastline/Turkey as an urban coastline. Rudolf Laban’s “kinesphere” approach, which questions the direction of bodily movement in relation to the limbs, is developed as a controllable, definable template for measuring the interval of body movement. This approach is handled the movement intervals over the proportions of the body as a measurable parameter through a geometric design approach. As a result, the surface articulations determined through the spatial intervals of experience produced urban furniture images. Cinematographic spatial fiction offers a geometry-based reading interval developed from the ratio-proportion of the body to the production intervals presented to the architectural design in the context of time-space through the produced urban furniture image. The interface designed in this study is expected to offer a solution proposal that can be developed from the body scale for the urban furniture needed in public spaces in the cities of the future.</p>Gizem AslanLevent Arıdağ
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811278180610.15320/ICONARP.2023.264Assessment Method of Modern Buildings Constructed in a Historical Area; as a Case Study İMÇ Blocks
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/983
<p>The addition of new modern layers to the historic urban settings is a significant issue in conserving the historic area's characteristics. Thus, a method of evaluation for modern buildings built in historical areas is being devel oped. The objective includes assessing the maintenance of the historic area's qualities and designing qualified modern buildings. These two issues were evaluated by assessing the example of İstanbul Drapers and Yard Goods Bazaar, İMÇ blocks. First, historical house settlements in the construction area of İMÇ (1933) and then characteristics of İMÇ blocks (1967) were analyzed. In terms of mass proportions, the position of courtyards, circulation areas, street and square relations, and vistas, site plan organizations from 1933 and 1967 were compared, while the proportions and architectural details of the façades were compared. The assessment criteria for the evaluation of modern buildings and their impact on historical areas were determined based on international preservation standards and charters. The conservation criteria include respecting the qualities, vistas, and landmarks of existing historic structures, being recognizable and reversible, responding to the demands of the area, and providing new views, juxtapositions, and textures. Modern heritage criteria include technical, land use, aesthetic, historical, socioeconomic, intangible, canonical, and reference qualities. As a result, it is seen that the İMÇ blocks were designed in harmony with the environment and increased the spatial quality of the area. Even though the İMÇ blocks are large-scale due to architectural constraints, the orientation of the blocks, the placement of courtyards leading to the Süleymaniye Mosque, and the transverse and longitudinal continuous circulation between the blocks respected historical texture. Despite the size of the masses, their heights and architectural elements are consistent with the traditional house layout.</p>Funda Gençer
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811280783710.15320/ICONARP.2023.265Ostrakinda: A Game-Based Learning Toolkit for Ancient Mediterranean Cities
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/990
<p>The study develops the 'Ostrakinda' toolkit for teaching morphologies of ancient Mediterranean cities. The methodology consists of a triple structure involving design, play, and analysis phases. In the design phase, the level of interest and actual demands of students regarding game-based learning (GBL) and ancient cities were explored through pre-experiments. The play phase involved experimental studies conducted in courses and workshops, where both physical and digital toolkits were tested by a total of 331 students. The analysis phase aimed to evaluate the impact of the game by systematically addressing five research questions. The results of the paired t-test confirm a significant difference in scores before and after playing the game, thus validating the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Additionally, Chi-square (X<sup>2</sup>) tests revealed significant relationships between the form of play and the level of abstraction in the game outputs. Individual and group experiences during gameplay were associated with various interactions, and group experiences particularly fostered competitive and collaborative learning. The extensive analysis using the GBL Design Scale, comprising ten critical factors (GBL-Fn), showed that the challenge factor (F8) had the weakest values, while fantasy (F5) and narrative (F6) had the highest values in the correlation matrix. Overall, the study contributes methodologically and contextually to the existing literature, offering valuable findings for the future development of similar strategies in architectural education. However, it is important to acknowledge the limitations of this interdisciplinary study, particularly with regards to technical, cognitive, and archaeological aspects. Nevertheless, the clear and effective structure of the game holds promise as a valuable tool for learning.</p>Muhammet Ali HeyikMeral ErdoğanTogan Tong
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2023-12-282023-12-2811283886510.15320/ICONARP.2023.266Comparing the Past and Present Traces of Cultural Assets with the Reference of Literature and Architecture Arts to Each Other: Milas Greek Orthodox Church and Its Surroundings in Resat Nuri Güntekin's Novel "Ateş Gecesi" (Night of Fire)
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/1072
<p>Milas district, located in the province of Muğla, is a rich settlement in terms of historical and cultural monuments. Among the mentioned monuments in the settlement, especially religious monuments exhibit a great diversity and cover a wide range of historical periods. This diversity and historical range are directly related to cultural and religious communities that have lived in the region. However, some religious monuments in the district are disappearing or losing their architectural identities to a great extent due to reasons such as lack of preservation awareness, property issues, and neglect by users. One of the most important religious monuments that has largely lost its architectural identity in the Milas district is the Milas Greek Orthodox Church. This monument holds significant importance in Milas's cultural and religious inventory. The monument and its surroundings are also described in some parts of the plots in terms of some architectural features in Reşat Nuri Güntekin's novel Ateş Gecesi (Night of Fire), which was serialized in Yedigün Magazine in 1940 and published as a book in 1942. Although it has largely lost its architectural identity today, the Milas Greek Orthodox Church is still frequently mentioned in local legends, city memories, place and location names, and city literature, as can be seen in the pages of the "Ateş Gecesi" novel. The study aims to document and evaluate the changes that the Milas Greek Orthodox Church and its surroundings have undergone from past to present in the light of the "Ateş Gecesi" novel. The study was conducted in three stages, which involved examining the spatial and architectural descriptions mentioned in the Ateş Gecesi Novel, focusing on the narratives related to the Milas Greek Orthodox Church and its surroundings, and documenting and evaluating the current conditions of the spatial and architectural descriptions mentioned in the focused narratives. As a result of the study, it was determined that the Milas Rum Orthodox Church and its surroundings had largely lost their architectural identity over approximately a century, from the time the novel was written to the present day. However, within the interior space of the church structure, many elements related to the original architectural identity are still present. In contrast, it is considered that the outer walls, garden arrangement, and boundaries of the structure have lost their original qualities. It was also found that very few examples of traditional residential buildings that constitute the regional context have survived to the present day. In addition to its cultural and religious identity, the Milas Rum Orthodox Church necessitates the development of a comprehensive architectural conservation approach for its historical and archaeological context, monument, and immediate surroundings. Therefore, it is considered crucial to plan the region between the Milas Rum Orthodox Church and Milas Kartal Gazinosu, taking into account the Çaputçu Han section, with a comprehensive conservation approach.</p>Arife Deniz Oktaç BeycanMehmet Bahadır Tosunlar
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811286687810.15320/ICONARP.2023.267Accessibility of Virtual Museum Spaces in the 21st Century in Turkey
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/1009
<p>Museums, which are the embodiment of art, exhibition, culture, and science, have started to offer virtual space experiences as well as traditional physical space experiences in recent years. In addition to the development of technology, the pandemic, which started in 2019 and affected the whole world, has also been effective in accelerating the transformation of museums from physical space to virtual space. The increasing use of virtual museums directly concerns different user groups in terms of accessibility. In a physical museum experience, solutions that appeal to different types of users are generally produced. Thanks to these solutions, an individual with any disability can be included in the space with all senses such as sight, touch, smell, and hearing during a museum visit, while the lack of inclusion of all senses in the virtual space experience causes the experience to be more limited. This study discusses this limitation in terms of accessibility. How can the virtual space experience be more accessible for different types of users? Can different solutions be offered to all user groups for a better understanding of the space and the art product? These questions constitute the research questions of this study. In this context, this study aims to examine how accessible virtual museums are. The study has conducted this inquiry through 59 virtual museums in Turkey. As a method, virtual museums were classified and tabulated in terms of their accessibility levels in line with their characteristics. It was concluded that there are deficiencies in the experience of different types of users and various suggestions were made in terms of virtual accessibility.</p>Cemre KılınçOsman Tutal
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811287990310.15320/ICONARP.2023.268Green Building Assessment Model for Historic Buildings of Turkey
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/1064
<p>Grave structures are architectural works reflecting the cultural accumulation, continuity and political power of societies. In the context of sustainability, while "green building" certification systems are developing in building productions in the world, new guidelines are also being created. Of course, new guidelines are also being developed on the certification as green buildings within the scope of the protection and restoration of historical buildings that should be specially considered. In this study, it is aimed to create a model that will allow the historical buildings in Turkey to be evaluated in the context of “the green building” concept. With this model, it is considered that historical building conservation practices will contribute positively to the works of restorers in making those heritage sites more environmentally friendly and sustainable. For the model designed to evaluate historical buildings within the scope of green buildings, historical buildings were handled under 3 groups: a) 1st Group Historical Buildings, b) 2nd Group Historical Buildings and c) Reconstructed Historical Buildings. As creating the designed model, GBC-Italy system criteria were taken as the basis. The criteria were carried out by conducting a questionnaire with experts in this field. Importance of the relevant evaluation criteria in the scoring system were determined by using the AHP method. As a result of the analyzes and calculations, the accuracy of the scoring was confirmed. As historical buildings are evaluated according to the conditions of their periods, it is obvious that they are sustainable buildings. Naturally, nowadays to be able to preserve historical buildings for the future generations in a proper way is usually ensured by giving them a new function. The requirements of the new functions given to create the necessary equipment to provide today's comfort conditions in historical buildings naturally change the sustainable characteristics of the historical heritage. This evaluation system, designed to preserve the green building characteristics of historical buildings and to ensure their sustainability with their new functions, will be an important guide.</p>Elif Gizem Yetkinİlhan Koç
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811290492310.15320/ICONARP.2023.269Healing Applications in Hospital Interiors: Ceramic Art
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/988
<p>Healthcare facilities include complex partnerships that accommodate different types of users to meet the needs of the healthcare sector and require the collaboration of many disciplines to meet these needs. Hospitals, which contain the outputs of different fields of expertise from city scale to industrial product scale, are fed by the fields of engineering, architecture, and interior architecture in terms of space. Interior design, on the other hand, is divided into theoretical and practical specializations related to building types. The fact that health buildings have significant differences from other buildings due to their function and the obligations that would be met is of great importance in terms of the benefit to be provided to the public by the studies to be carried out in the field. Hospital buildings and spaces are constructed and designed according to the standards determined by the shade's laws, regulations, or guidelines where they are to be built. In this context, the study aims to provide a public contribution with art outputs that would positively affect the recovery of the user for the spaces that are generally open to the use of users in hospital interiors by researching the standards in the framework of international standards. However, since traditional and modern art contents have different spatial needs; ceramic art outputs, which are included in traditional art, focus on the specific evaluation of the research with its visual and tactile character. Using qualitative research methods; hospital construction guidelines and literature research were carried out by data collection and inductive methods. The research aims to make theoretical and practical contributions to the healing space with ceramic artworks/objects in the field of architecture and design.</p>Elif ÖzgenPınar Biçici Çetinkaya
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811292494010.15320/ICONARP.2023.270Evaluation on Spatial Quality in Retail Stores through Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA)
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/994
<p>In today's world, where consumption is increasing rapidly, the designs of retail stores have gained importance with the increasing competition between institutions. One of the most predominant factors in the contact of the store with the customer is the spatial quality, which reveals the ability of the spatial features to meet user expectations. The study aims to determine the spatial quality indicators in retail stores and to expose the relationship between the importance and performance perception of these criteria among user groups. For this purpose, Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA), which has been a user-participated method and has powerful advantages in measuring service quality, was used in the study. In the first stage of the study, we determined the spatial quality indicators (functional, technical, and aesthetic) and sub-indicators by a literature review. The second stage is fieldwork performed in the determined study area, Koçtaş. At this stage, visual data of the study area was obtained, and 119 people (97 customers and 22 personnel) participated in the survey. In the third stage, IPA was used in analyzing the data. In the fourth stage, results were evaluated by supporting the visuals of the space. As a result of the study, the store was weak, especially in terms of aesthetic indicators, and significant differences were perceived by users between the importance and performance of spatial performance indicators. The study will lead up for research on examining the relationship between importance and performance in spaces with different functions by including the user in the process of determining and improving spatial quality.</p>Reyhan Midilli Sarıİrem Bekar
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811294195910.15320/ICONARP.2023.271Via Design Focused Thinking Model, Surface Design Specific to Corridors Used by Children with Cerebral Palsy
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/article/view/1013
<p>The design that results from information processing is expressed through the use of numerous visual, verbal, or numerical parameters. Numerous methods, both traditional and contemporary, have been used in design education from the beginning to the present. Design thinking (d.school) is a model used to represent the cognitive process through which design concepts are developed. Among the experiential learning methods is the design thinking model, which has become popular in recent years. The use of a design-focused thinking model in interior architecture education is reviewed in this study to see what kind of contributions it makes to the emergence of creative ideas. The study aims to increase the student's creative thinking development potential in the design process, reveal concept development skills, develop original design skills, and, as a result, make a cognitive contribution to design education. The study included a total of twelve students from the interior architecture department, divided into three groups. All of the students involved in the research visited the Selcuk University Medical Faculty Hospital Mehmet Emin Bakdemir Cerebral Palsy Treatment Centre, which was chosen as the sample area. After defining the problem, the design-focused thinking method was used to create the wall surfaces of the corridor connecting the physical and treatment rooms, which are used by children with cerebral palsy. The procedure is divided into five stages. By performing various readings on the final designs that emerged, the development of creativity in students was observed. As a result of this study, which was conducted using the design thinking model, it was determined that the concept quality of the projects made increased. As a result, in concept studies where creativity is addressed in design education, it is recommended that the process be managed through experiential methods such as the design thinking method.</p>Mehmet Noraslı
Copyright (c) 2023 ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning
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2023-12-282023-12-2811296097810.15320/ICONARP.2023.272